Psychology: Nervous System and William James

1. Professor Lewis studies the history of psychological science. She would intimately comparablely agree with which of the chase narrations al virtu in ally psychologys early history? 2. In thinking about psychology and consciousness, the idea that the mind and the luggage compartment are separate entities that interact makes a lot of sense to you. This view that you hold is most like the view of 3. Interactive dualism is the idea that Mind and body were separate entities that interact to produce headliners, emotions, and other conscious ensures. 4. Psychology is form on the wholey defined asThe scientific study of unconscious intellectual processes. 5. Wilhelm Wundt investigated which of the undermentioned phenomena? Wundt investigated pratonical sensory and perceptual processes. 6. Which of the following events do most historians consider to mark the formal beginning of psychology as a scientific discipline? In 1879 Wundt opened the first psychology enquiry researc h lab which marked psychology as an independent field of study. 7. Which early approach or school of psychology is associated with Wilhelm Wundts student Edward Titchener? Structuralism 8.You are a subject in an experiment who is told Look at this orchard apple tree very carefully and tell me your exact sensations and feelings as you experience them. The experimenter in this study probably believes in what school of psychology? Structuralism 9. Which of the following passel played a tell apart role in establishing psychology as a scientific discipline in the United States? William James 10. Which school of psychology would agree that psychology should stress the study of how behavior and mental processes allow people and animals to adapt to their environments? usableism 11. Which of the following is a TRUE statement about Mary Whiton Calkins? 12. Who would have been most likely to say wherefore you behave the way you do is because of unconscious reasons, not reasons in your cons ciousness? Sigmund Freud 13. Your therapist is very interest in your dreams, blocked memories, and slips of the tongue. On which approach to psychology is your therapist probably basing his psychotherapy? Psychoanalysis 14. behaviourism was characterized by observable behaviors that could be objectively measured and verified. 15. My goal is to discover how behavior is acquired and modified in response to environmental influences. Such a statement would most likely be made by William James 16. Who conditioned dogs to reflexively salivate to the sound of a bell rather than food? Ivan Pavlov 17. Two come across figures in the take onment of humanistic psychology include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow 18. Which of the following people developed a scheme of motivation that emphasized psychological growth? Carl Rogers 19. Humanistic psychology emphasized In self-de shapeination, free- allow, and the importance of resource in human behavior. 0. The development of drugs that helped go steady the symptoms of severe psychological disorders and development of techniques to study the human oral sex contributed to the importance of _____ psychology in recent decades. 21. Dr. Barongon is a psychotherapist who helps people develop choices and self-direction in striving to reach their fullest po tential. Dr. Barongon probably subscribes to the Humanistic perspective of psychology. 22. The cognitive perspective of psychology focuses on mental processes, including reasoning and thinking, problem soving, memory, perception, mental imagery, and language. 3. As a psychology researcher, you have found that the public normal of emotions differs among people from the United States, Japan, Switzerland, and Israel. This type of research fits best with which perspective in psychology? 24. Which of the following is non a characteristic of collectivistic cultures? 25. In collectivistic cultures, a persons sense of identity is interdependent with others 26. Ethnocentrism refers to the drift to judge other cultures by the standards of our own culture. 27. Which of the following statements best characterizes the principle of natural selection? 28.Cognitive psychology focuses on the study of studies how our mind-sets perceive, process, interpret, and respond to internal and external stimuli. 29. Mrs. Brunberg works with children who have special needs, helping them to develop their intellectual and social skills. Mrs. Brunberg is most likely a _____ psychologist. 30. Lynn has just received a research pass on to study the effect of downsizing on morale at a large computer company. Lynn is most likely a(n) _____ psychologist. 31. Which of the following is a FALSE statement about clinical psychologists? 32. Which of the following best represents psychologys introductory goals? escribe, explain, predict, and influence behavior 33. Empirical evidence refers to evidence that is the result of verifiable evidence based on objective observation, measurement and ex perimentation 34. A hypothesis is A tentative statement about the blood between variables. 35. An operational definition is A precise description of how the variables will be measured. 36. Which type of research manner is used to show that one variable causes change in another variable? nonsymbiotic variable 37. In contrast to the experimental manner, the basic goal of the descriptive methods is toobserve and describe behavior. 8. Meta-analysis is utilise to analyze the results of several studies into a single analysis in order to identify overall trends. 39. The say replicate refers to To repeat or duplicate a scientific study in order to add confidence in the validity of the passe-partout findings. 40. When psychologists bodyatically observe and record behaviors as they occur in their natural settings, they are using a descriptive method called they are using the descriptive method called naturalisticobservation. 41. A pseudoscience is a A fake or false science that makes claims based on picayune or no scientific evidence. 2. A case study is a(n) Highly detailed description of a single individual. 43. One potential problem with surveys and questionnaires is that people may not report accurate education 44. A correlation coefficient is Used to measure how an independent variable relates to dependent variable 45. The research method that is used to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between changes in one variable and the effects on another variable is called Independent Variable 46. In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable that is The controlled factor in an experiment.It is hypothesized to cause an effect on another variable. 47. In an experiment, the dependent variable is The measured facts. It is hypothesized to be affected. 48. ergodic assignment refers to a procedure that Every subject in the study should have an equal detect of being placed in either the experimental or control grouping. 49. The aspiration of th e control group in an experiment is to To have a group of stable and unchanged variables to compare and analyze results to. 50. The purpose of using a double-blind research design is to help prevent the influence of inadvertent demand chatacterisitcs. 1. The ethical requirement of informed consent means that purpose procedures risks confidentiality alternatives to participation costs compensation questions consent statement participation is voluntary 52. The branch of psychology that is focused on understanding the internal physical events and processes that cope with with our experiences and behavior is called biological psychology 53. The branch of science that is concerned with the study of the nervous system is called neuroscience 54. Which of the following is TRUE of glial cells? functions like glue Forms the myelin sheathAssist neurons in communicating with each other Removes drive away products from neurons Nourishes neurons Besides the neuron, it also the other main typ e of cell in nervous system 55. The 3 basic types of neurons are Sensory Neurons, Motor Neurons, and Interneurons 56. Which part of the neuron receives messages from other neurons? Interneurons 57. The primary function of the myelin sheath is to The primary function is to insulate the neuron cells so that it give notice conduct quickly. 58. The presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron are separated by a tiny, fluid-filled space called the Synaptic Gap 9. Which of the following best defines a neurotransmitter? They are special chemical messengers manufactured by the neuron. 60. What happens to the neurotransmitters that fail to attach to a receptor come in? They are reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron so that they can be recycled and used again. 61. Like a key in a lock, the shape of the Neurotransmitters must fit the Receptor site to affect the postsynaptic neuron. 62. The neurotransmitter called acetylcholine Is found in all motor neurons. It stimulates muscles to contrac t, including the heart and stomach muscles. 63.Parkinsons disease is caused by the degeneration of neurons that produce Dopamine 64. Miguel jogs about five miles a day. At roughly the three-mile point, Miguel usually experiences a rush of positive feelings due to heavier-than-air levels of Endorphins. 65. The two main di sights of the nervous system are the Central nervous system and the Peripheral nervous System. 66. In combination, the brain and spinal cord make up the Motor neurons 67. The autonomic nervous system is composed of two different branches called the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems. 68. Which of the following best defines neurogenesis?The development of un sanded neurons. 69. Which represents the largest region of the brain? Cerebrum 70. The primary communication link between the left and right cerebral hemispheres is called school principal Callosum 71. The hippocampus plays a key role in The ability to form new memories. 72. Of the following brai n structures, which is associated with the emotional responses of fear, disgust, and anger? Amygdala 73. Why was the split-brain operation first performed? It was performed to stop the patients seizures. 74. Functional elasticity Refers to the brains ability to shift functions from damaged to undamaged brain. 75.The notion of structural plasticity Refers to the brains ability to physically change its structure in response to learning, active practice, or environment stimulation. 76. In psychology, the call sensation formally refers to The process of detecting a physical stimulus such as light, sound, heat, or pressure. 77. In contrast to sensation, the term perception is formally defined as the Process of integrating, organizing, and interlingual rendition sensory. 78. The process by which physical energy, such as light, is converted into a coded neural signal that can be transmitted to and interpreted by the brain is called Transduction 9. The smallest possible stimulus that can be spy half the time, or the minimum level of stimuli that we can detect is called The absolute threshold 80. The smallest possible deviation between two stimuli that can be detected is called the absolute threshold 81. According to Webers Law, whether we can detect a change in the strength of a stimulus depends upon the intensity of the original stimulus. 82. Perception that is below the threshold of conscious perception is called Subliminal Perception 83. John puts one walk into the swimming pool and shivers because the water is so cold.He grits his teeth and dives in anyway. After about ten minutes, the temperature of the water seems quite comfortable to him. This example illustrates the principle of Sensory Adaption 84. Rods are used for vision in Dark light, and cones are used for vision in Bright light. 85. Which theory best explains color vision in humans? The trichromatic theory and opponent process theory. 86. The sense of hearing is also know as Audition 87. As you wal k into your office, you are almost overwhelmed by the strong smell of the cologne water with which the copier repairman has doused himself.Because you have studied this chapter, however, you reassure yourself that sensory adaptation will occur and you will become much less aware of the odor in approximately 88. The best candidates for hypnosis are people who Approach the experience with positive, receptive attitudes. 89. A group of techniques that induce an altered state of focused trouble and heightened awareness is a definition of Meditation 90. Chemical substances that can alter arousal, mood, thinking, sensation, and perception are called psychedelic drugs 91. Taste is to gustation as smell is to olfaction. 92.According to your textbook, factors that can INCREASE the perception of pain include misgiving and a sense of helplessness. 93. You are able to maintain your equilibrium and balance because of the Vestibular Sense 94. The term gestalt means meaningful whole perceptions 95. The ability to accurately gauge the distance of the coffee cup on your desk as you reach for it is called depth perception 96. As you walk on the beach, every detail of the rocks, shells, and sand infra your feet seem crisp and distinct. As you look further down the beach, however, the details of the ground in the distance seem fuzzy and blurred.Because of the depth perception cue of texture gradient, you perceive the ground beneath your feet to be much closer than the ground that extends into the distance. 97. Distance cues that involve both eyes are called _____ cues. binocular 98. Distance cues that require the use of only one eye are called _____ cues. vestibular 99. It was the famous American psychologist named _____ who described consciousness as being like a river or a stream. William James 100. The term circadian rhythm refers to any rhythmic change that continues at close to a 24 hr cycle in the absence of 24 hour cues. 01. Circadian rhythms that are drastically out of synchroneity with daylight and darkness cues can produce jet lag 102. If you are like most people, you experience a day-after-day slump in your mental alertness around 3 oclock each afternoon. This daily fluctuation in mental alertness is an example of delta brain wave activity. 103. According to the activation-synthesis model of ambition dreams are a byproduct of physiological processes in the brain. 104. As you are reading this question, you are elicit and alert. This means that your brain is generating beta brain waves. 105.Shortly after going to bed and as you are move a kip, you experience the vividly realistic sensation that you are falling or tripping forward, which jolts you awake. This vivid sensation is a common example of hypnologic hallucinations 106. As you are being monitored by sleep researchers, almost all of your brain activity comprises delta brain waves. This is a clear sign that you are in stage 4 NREM sleep 107. According to the adaptive theory of sleep sleep emerged in evolution 108. The most common sleep complaint among adults is Insomnia 109. Somnambulism is also called Sleep walking 110.The term nocturnal enuresis is bedwetting 111. The parasomnias are undesirable physical arousal, behaviors, or events during sleep or sleep transitions. 112. What is sexsomnia? abnormal sexual behaviors and experiences during sleep 113. In a study described in your text, research participants learned a new proletariat before going to sleep. During the night, some participants were repeatedly awakened during NREM sleep, other participants during REM sleep. What did the researchers find when they well-tried the participants on the new skill the next day? 114. What is a lucid dream? When you can control your dreams 15. Who said, In every dream an instinctual wish has to represented as fulfilled. Sigmund Freud 116. Which of the following best defines hypnosis? A reconciling social interaction in which the hypnotized person responds to the hypno tists suggestions. 117. Pseudomemories are false memories that can be inadvertently created when under hypnosis 118. The most widely used psychoactive drug in the world is Caffeine 119. inebriant is classified as a Depressant 120. Prolonged use of cocaine can cause detachment symptoms. 121. Brandy is fond of attending all-night raves at a dance club near her home.Some of the raves are drug-free, but at one rave she saw a friend who was sweating profusely, chewing ice and a plastic pacifier, drinking large quantities of water, and hugging everyone in reach as he proclaimed his love for all humanity. Brandy suspected that her friend was probably high on _____. 122. Methamphetamine is a type of amphetamine that can be easily manufactured, provides an intense high, and causes a reduction in the brains dopamine transporters and receptors. 123. _____ are highly habit-forming drugs that suppress appetite, produce euphoria, and reduce fatigue. Ecstacy 124. Which of the following is NOT c lassified as a stimulant?