History of Oldtown

1. 2 Brief explanation of the company’s history The  OldTown White Coffee,  OTWC  (Chinese:   ) is the largest  kopitiam  restaurant  chain in  Malaysia. Its main headquarters is in  Ipoh, Perak,  Malaysia. Established in 1999, the co-founders and Executive Director, Mr. Goh Ching Mun and Mr. Tan Say Yap are the incorporation of White Cafe and provide quality white coffee to Malaysian households and the food services industry. It manufactures instant beverage mixes and products, in addition to operating over 180 cafe outlets throughout Malaysia and the region.With more than 10 years of experience in the coffee beverage industry, both of co-founders were instrumental in the growth of the Oldtown Group of companies. Next, Mr. Lee Siew Heng, Group of Managing Director who played a significant role in implementing the overall vision, strategy and development of the Oldtown Group is the one of support them to incorporation Oldtown Group. In 1999, they successful ly to commercialize the instant 3-in-1 coffee mix under the â€Å"OLDTOWN† brand name for the retail sector.By end of 2009 October, the â€Å"OLDTOWN† 3-in-1 instant coffee mix was sold in approximately 1,348 retail outlets nationwide in Malaysia, approximately 550 retail outlets in Singapore and approximately 2,100 retail outlet in Hong Kong. In 2000, the â€Å"OLDTOWN† brand of 3-in-1 instant coffee mix is the first export to Singapore. In 2001, White Cafe marketing commenced operations as the marketing arm for the Group’s beverage products. During the same year, the product line is expanded and includes different variations of the instant coffee mix.In addition, instant coffee mix has also expanded export to Hong Kong markets. In year 2002, White Cafe obtained a HALAL certification from the Islamic Religious Department of Perak for the Group’s beverages. This is the part of OLDTOWN Group’s intentions, which is to produce the beverages in accordance with the Islamic law. In the same year, OLDTOWN Group’s have successfully expanded to nationwide retail distribution of 3-in-1 instant coffee mix to cover East and West Malaysia through major hypermarkets and supermarkets.In 2003, OLDTOWN Group’s have also successfully commercialized the new blend of 3-in-1 instant milk tea for the retail market under the â€Å"OLDTOWN† brand name. In view of expanding OLDTOWN manufacturing activities, OLDTOWN Group’s incorporated Gongga Food in 2003 and commenced operations in 2004 manufacturing roasted coffee powder for the road services sector using the Group’s proprietary bean roasting process. OLDTOWN Group’s also distributed the roasted coffee powder to traditional coffee shops in Ipoh and other states in Malaysia.In addition to the food services sector, roasted coffee powder is also marketed to the retail sector under the â€Å"NANYANG† brand. In 2004, it also further penetrated the export markets for 3-in-1 instant coffee to cover the United States, Canada and United Kingdom and subsequently in 2005, Taiwan and Indonesia. In 2005, OLDTOWN Group’s expanded vertically into the food services sector by opening a chain of cafe outlets based on the traditional Ipoh coffee shop setting and ambience under the â€Å"OLTOWN WHITE COFFEE† brand name.This is part of the Group’s strategy of capitalizing and reinforcing on the â€Å"OLDTOWN WHITE COFFEE† brand in the food services industry. In the same year, Kopitiam Asian Pacific commenced operations in the licensing, supply of food, beverages and other item, and provision of management services to â€Å"OLDTOWN WHITE COFFEE† cafe outlet. Since the opening of the first â€Å"OLDTOWN WHITE COFFEE† cafe outlet in Ipoh in 2005, the chain of cafe outlets have expanded to reach 137 cafe outlets in Malaysia and Singapore as at 31 October 2009. This included fully and partially owned, and franchised cafe outlets.In 2005 and 2006, OLDTOWN Group’s has established the subsidiaries namely as Old Town Kopitiam, Old Town Kopitam Butterworth, Old Town Kopitiam Kuala Lumpur, Old Town Kopitiam Cheras, Conneczone to focus on operating cafe outlets in different areas and states within Malaysia. To support the cafe outlet business operations, their established the following subsidiaries as central food processing centres between year 2005 and 2007:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emperor’s Kitchen commenced operations in 2005;  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Esquire Chef commenced operations in 2007;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dynasty Confectionery commenced operations in 2007. In 2005, Gongga Food’s business activities also expanded to cater to the procurement of food items for â€Å"OLDTOWN WHITE COFFEE† cafe outlets. In the same year, Gongga Food also obtained a HALAL certification from the Islamic Religious Department of Perak for the production of its roasted coffee powder. Furthermore, OLDTOWN Group’s has obtained a HACCP certification from BM TRADE Certification Ltd for the processing and manufacturing of beverage roducts. In 2006, the company also expanded the product export to Japan and China markets. In the same year, the company incorporated Dynasty Kitchen as a distribution centre, which commenced operations in 2007. During this year, group’s company also incorporated Oldtown Berhad, which will focus on investment holding and provision of management services pursuant to its listing on the Main Market of Bursa Securities. Subsequently the OLDTOWN Group’s also started exporting to Thailand and Philippines.In view of group’s company plans to expand more cafe outlet business operation to Singapore, OLDTOWN company also incorporated Oldtown Singapore in 2007 to provide management services, supply of food and beverage items to cafe outlets in Singapore. OTK Singapore commenced operations in 20 08 with the launch of the first â€Å"OLDTOWN WHITE COFFEE† cafe outlet in Singapore. In 2008, the company of Dynasty Confectionery and Esquire Chef obtained HALAL certifications from the Islamic Religious Department of Perak for the processing of various foods.On other food-processing subsidiary, Emperor’s Kitchen obtained HALAL certification from the IFRC ASIA. To further affirm, OLDTOWN Group’s adherence to international food safety standard and White Cafe achieved ISO 22000:2005 certification and ISO 9001:2000 from BM TRADA Certification in 2008 in addition to GMP certification by the Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia in the same year. Within 2008, OLDTOWN Group’s has expanded the product lines to include 3-in-1 instant coffee mix with cane sugar.In 2009, Gongga Food obtained a HACCP certification from BM TRADA Certification Ltd for the production of roasted coffee powder. OldTown White Coffee now exports its instant beverage mi xes to more than 10 countries worldwide and plans to expand its cafe outlet network in the region. The group has an extensive chain of cafes in Malaysia via 194 outlets as of end Nov 2011, and also operates a few outlets that are open 24/7 in certain areas. This tally includes fully and partially owned outlets, franchise outlets and licensed outlets.

My Emergency Room Experience Essay

I used to wonder what happens inside the Emergency Room of hospitals, what it would be like for a patient, for a doctor, and most especially for a nurse. As a nursing student, and as part of our program I was given an opportunity to have a clinical experience inside the Emergency Room. I had a three hour experience inside the emergency room. Inside the emergency room, I took care of a patient who was admitted for food poisoning. My job was to take care of the patient and to assist the doctor. But the focus of the experience was primarily to take care of the patient. Our patient was there because of food poisoning. He was being administered with Flagyl (metronidazole) , an oral synthetic antiprotozoal and antibacterial agent. I helped in the medicine administration. I removed the Nasogastric tube, which was passed through the nose and down through the patient’s nasopharynx and esophagus into the stomach. The flexible tube made of rubber or plastic was used to remove the contents of the stomach, including air, to decompress the stomach, or to remove small solid objects and fluid, in this case the poison, from the stomach. The process was quick but I had to be careful because I was mindful of not hurting the patient in any way, I know that the removal of the nasogastric tube would cause discomfort and pain on the patient if I was not careful. My participation in the treatment of the food poisoning patient was little but I would say indispensable. What counts most was the care that I gave the patient. A nurse inside the emergency room must at all times be attentive, alert and prepared. Inside the emergency room, the pace is quick and one should not be negligent of details. Every patient admitted are in need of urgent attention, which must be given. I was interested in the fast paced environment inside the emergency room. The movement of people gave me energy. The adrenaline level of people was high and was contagious, such that if you were there, you would feel the rush and would be driven by the same energy. However, my experience was only for three hours and I can only speak for myself. I believe that should one be employed as an emergency room nurse, one should know all the aspects of this type of nursing. A nurse may be come across several setbacks such as injuries from sharp objects such as needles, blades, etc. Also, patients in the emergency room have not been diagnosed before coming, thus they may present a risk of infection . The stress of handling patients , some of whom may be heavy may bring about musculoskeletal problems and back pain . Continuous work while standing or walking causes fatigue and leg problems. These possibilities must not detract a nursing student. They are only possibilities, but with proper care and diligence they may be avoided. What is important to take into consideration is that in the emergency room, we help save lives by assisting those who need urgent care and medication.

Slides

Because they contain N functions, the dyes were screened in vitro for antibacterial activity; of over 0,000 tested dyes none showed any antibiotic activity However, In vivo studies with mice, that had been infected with a bacterial culture, showed that several dyes counteracted gram-positive bacterial Intections. HDR. F. 2013 Prontosll Gerhard Domagk (Nobel Prize, 1939) was a research scientist at l. c. Farbenlndustrle,a German manufacturer of dyes and other chemicals. He carried out studies that showed Prontosil to be an effective antibacterial agent.When Domagk's daughter developed a streptococcal Infection (having cut her finger), and was in danger of having an arm amputated (or worse), she was the first patient to receive rontosil and be cured by it (1935). Prontosil received wider tame when it was used to save the lite ot Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr. , son of the US president. HDR-F-2013 infected with a bacterial culture. Several dyes were found to counteract gram-positive bacteri al infections. NH2 o s Prontosil Later it was discovered that, in living organisms, Prontosil is converted to sulfanilamide, and that sulfanilamide was the actual active compound.Sulfanilamide inhibits the synthesis of folic acid, which is an essential chemical compound for bacterial growth. Penicillin bacterial infections in 1941. By 1943, penicillin was being produced for the military and was first used for war casualties in Sicily and Tunsia. CH3 Penicillins act by modifying an enzyme involved in the synthesis ofa a bacterium's cell wall. the synthesis of bacterium's cell wall. Actively growing bacteria die because they areare Actively growing bacteria die because they unable to produce a a functional cell wall. unable to produce functional cell wall.Penicillins have no effect on mammalian cells because they are not enclosed by cell walls. The first penicillin was isolated in in 1938 and The first penicillin was isolated 1938 and ound to cure bacterial infections in in mice. was found to cure bacterial infections mice. It It was used successfully in nine cases ofof human used successfully in nine cases human Hormones Hormones are chemical messengers – organic compounds synthesized in glands and delivered by the bloodstream to target tissues in order to stimulate or inhibit some biochemical process. Many hormones are steroids.Remember: All steroids contain a tetracyclic ring system. The most abundant member of the steroid family in anlmals (ana numans) Is cnolestero of all other steroids. Steroids c t Is tne precursor Steroids are organic compounds that contain four cycloalkane rings, three cyclohexane rings and one cyclopentane ring; they are Joined (fused) in a specific way. The steroid core has 20 C atoms, 17 form the four rings, plus three methyl groups. sack to HORMONES Sex The sex hormones are divided into three groups: (1) the male sex hormones, or androgens; (2) the female sex hormones, or estrogens; (3) the pregnancy hormones, or progestins.A ll sex hormones are steroids. ster010s perTorm many Tunctlons n Function Regulation of secondary sexual characteristics Reproduction and control of the reproductive cycle Regulation of metabolism Examples Estradiol (an estrogen); testosterone (an androgen) Progesterone and the gestagens Digestion of fat Cell membrane component Cholic acid; bile salts Cholesterol Cortisol; cortisone derivatives This is the basic carbon skeleton for all steroids. 10. 7 Testosterone, the principal male sex hormone, is responsible for male secondary sex characteristics.Synthetic testosterone analogs (anabolic steroids) are used in medicine to promote muscle and tissue growth, e. g. , patients with muscular atrophy. Anabolic steroids are used illegally, most commonly by â€Å"body builders† and athletes. The health risks are numerous, including liver cancer, coronary neart Olsease, ana s er Estradiol is the principal female sex hormone. It is responsible for the development of the female secondary sex characteristics and participates in the control of the menstrual cycle.Progesterone is an example of a progestin: it prepares the uterus for the implantation of a fertilized egg. Synthetic analogs of progesterone and estradiol are the active agents in the birth control pill, allowing for control of the menstrual cycle and ovulation. An estimated 50 to 60 million women worldwide use â€Å"the pill† as the primary form of ontraception. Drug Use RU-486, The Abortion Pill RI-J-486 acts as an antagonist – a drug that fits into a receptor site, but does not have the customary effect as does another drug; in this case the other drug is progesterone.Cortisone Cortisone, used extensively in the treatment of rheumatoid inflammations, is one of the adrenocortical hormones produced in the outer part of the adrenal gland. These hormones participate in regulating the electrolyte and water balance in the body, as well as in protein and carbohydrate metabolism. Ethics of Methotre xate is a prescription drug used in the reatment of breast cancer. It can be used to block the action of folic acid, which is required for normal cell Olvlslon ana growtn 0T an emoryo.LIKe RI-J-486, it can be used to induce abortion in the weeks of pregnancy. Once a drug is approved by the FDA, a physician can prescribe it for purposes not originally intended by the drug manufacturer. Medicines Prescription, Generic, and the pioneer drug, but cannot Prescription, is chemically equivalent to Over-the-counter be A generic drug Generic, and Over-the-counter marketed until the patent protection on the pioneer drug has run out after 20 ears.A generic drug is chemically equivalent to the pioneer drug, but cannot be A generic drug is chemically equivalent to the pioneer drug, but cannot be marketed until the patent protection on the pioneer drug has run The lower priced drug protection on the pioneer its generic name,out after 20 marketed until the patent commonly marketed under drug has r un out in this20 after case alprazolam instead of Xanax. The lower priced drug commonly marketed under its generic name, in this The lower priced druginstead of Xanax. case alprazolam commonly marketed under its generic name, in thisPrescription, Generic, and Over-the-counter A generic drug is chemically equivalent to the pioneer drug, but cannot be marketed until the patent protection on the pioneer drug has run out after 20 years. 10. 10 The lower priced drug commonly marketed under its generic name, in this case alprazolam instead of Xanax. 10. 1 Heroal Remeales 10. 11 Ephedra Ephedra – used safely for thousands of years as herbal remedy known as Ma Huang. In 2003, several deaths related to the ingredients led the FDA (in 2004) to ban ephedra products. At this time, there are ongoing discussions to make the product available again.The herb contains the amphetamine-like alkaloids – ephedrine and the less active pseudoephedrine. Pseudoephedrene is used as a decongesta nt Ephedrine is a bronchodilator (opens the airways), and a stimulant Drugs of Abuse Ephreda was responsible for the deaths of over 80 people. An ephreda manufacturer challenged the FDA ban in court, claiming that the FDA had failed to prove that ephreda was not safe at low doses. In 2006, the US Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit upheld the FDA's ban on ephreda. Heroin Morphin diacetylmorphin, alkaloid in opium â€Å"chemically modified† high the â€Å"abused† natural drugTetrahydrocannabinol – Marijuana A9-tetrahydrocannabinol is the principal psychoactive component of the cannabis plant (marijuana), the most commonly abused illicit drug in the US; effects include euphoria and anxiety. Medical uses are being discussed; legal in some states; the Federal Government is opposed. One way to look at drugs is to classify them by their medical usefulness and their potential of abuse. Drugs of abuse can also be classified by their tendency to lead to physical depen dence (addiction) vs. the physical harm they inflict on the user. Many addictive drugs are also highly detrimental to uman health.OxyconBn OxyContin contains oxycodone Oxycodone has been used safely for many years. But this formulation includes a time-released mechanism for long-lasting treatment of chronic pain. Drug abusers quickly determined how to get around the time-release and were able to rapidly ingest large amounts of oxycodone. The effects were said to be similar to heroin. Over-prescribed in the Appalachian areas in late 1990s and early 2000s. Many became addicted. An Amino Acid serotonin Tryptophan is converted to serotonin, an antidepressant, which is converted to melotonin, inducing drowsiness

Multipe Sclerosis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Multipe Sclerosis - Assignment Example In addition, the damage of the myelin sheath makes it difficult for the brain to transmit signals to parts of the body. Also, due to the effect on the brain, patients lack balance, that results to physical inactiveness and the patient remains dull. The disease also weakens the limbs, causing difficult movement. MS patients experience blurred vision or in some instance double vision. This may be caused by the brain not transmitting information to the eye. Patients also suffer scantiness of coordination leading to clumsiness and feebleness in the limbs. Moreover, a common symptom is lack of balance leading to problems in walking whereby a patient may fall. Additionally, close to 90% of the patient experience fatigue causing weak muscles (Weiner & Stankiewicz 2012). The tests for the disorder are mainly Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed tomography. These two tests involve studying the cells. The cells later draw up patterns that help the observer to determine whether there is the presence of the infection in the cells. The observation made by the clinic officer later helps them determine which kind of treatment to use, either clinical or surgical (Constantino et al. 2012). Constantino et al. (2012) explain that the treatment could be by use of biomarkers being introduced to the body of the patient. Interferon-beta can also be used by neutralizing antibodies in the patient’s body. However, the clinician should take time to evaluate the patient’s body response to different biomarkers so as to ensure that the patient is treated with the biomarker that reacts positively with the body. Alkhawajah, M., Caminero, A., Freeman, H., & Oger, J. (2013). Multiple Sclerosis and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: What We Know And What We Would Need To Know!. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 19(3), 259-265. Constantino, C., Rodrigues, R., Neto, J., Marchiori, E., Araujo, A., de Mello Perez, R., & Parente, D.

Contemporary issues in travel and tourism Assignment

Contemporary issues in travel and tourism - Assignment Example Tourism has emerged to be one the fastest growing economic sectors in many countries. For instance, in Costa Rica, tourism has been serving as the largest foreign exchange earner since 1995. The natural attractions such as Poas Volcano Crater and Cocos Island have enhanced the growth of the sector in Costa Rica. Since the year 1999, tourism in Costa Rica has earned more foreign exchange than agricultural product exportation in the country (Jawahar 2009, p. 268). Despite the tourism sector being the leading foreign exchange source, it also brings consequences such as terrorism and security, health and safety impacts, and negative social and cultural impacts in the country. Current issues affecting tourism in Costa Rica Insecurity issue There are many current issues affecting travel and tourism in Costa Rica, which include insecurity and natural hazards such as earthquakes. The problem of insecurity in Costa Rica towards tourists may pose a greater negative impact to tourism in the country. Costa Rica hopes to make billions of revenue from the travel and tourism sector this year, so travelling to Costa Rica is very imperative to sustain the country’s economy (Costa Rica News 2011). Tourists should be aware of the current possible insecurity matters in the country. Terrorist attacks in the country occur randomly anytime and anywhere. Examples of these attacks include suicide bombs, car bombs, kidnappings, and shootings. Therefore, tourists should be aware that there is an increment in the number of crimes around the entire country including pick pocketing and stealing of passports (Costa Rica News 2011).... Ecotourism in the country helps in provision of political, social, and economical funds, educate travelers, directly benefits local communities’ political empowerment and economic development, and ensure protection of different cultural practices and human rights. â€Å"Take the only memories and leave only footprints† is a common slogan used in Costa Rica in protected places (Costa Rica 2013). However, tourist destinations in Costa Rica are shifting carbon free area following the trend of tourists being more focused in environmentally responsible hence adopting a sustainable tourism (Donald 2005). Task 2 Key statistics of tourist for the last five years in Costa Rica Costa Rica remains to be the most visited country in Central American States, with 2.2 million tourists in the year 2011. The total of tourists touring the destination surpassed the two million landmarks in the year 2008 representing 54% U.S. tourist visiting Costa Rica. Due to the combined global economic crisis and the flu epidemic, this occurred in the year 2009, lead to a reduction of the number of tourists in 2009 to 1.9 million visitors. This was a reduction of 8% percent compared to the turn up in 2008. In the year 2010, the number of tourists rose to 2.1 million, barely breaking the record of 2008. An historical record was set in the year 2012 with 2.34 million tourists visiting Costa Rica, a 6.9% increase over the year 2011. The global tourist receipts increased to 2.4 billion dollars in the year 2012, and the leading country of origin was United States with a total of 864,340 visitors, Nicaragua in 474,011tourists being the second, and Canada with 136,261 visitors. Emerging trends in terms of product services offered The Costa Rica tourism composes of visible actors-like airlines and hotels,

Addictions Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Addictions Theory - Essay Example To expound on these observations, Tiffany created a cognitive model, which maintains that cognitive processing by humans incorporates both non-automated and automated processes. Tiffany’s theory is the most accurate because as she puts it, the automatic process is usually characterized by performance of the task being fast, the behavior is usually elicited by specific stimuli, the behavior is very difficult to inhibit, easy to carry out, and can be conducted without significant conscious awareness (Thombs & Osborn, 2013). This is one of the best ways of explaining relapse mostly because the automated part of the theory that maintains a task being performed fast and being difficult to inhibit expounds one side of relapse, which is correct. Tiffany goes ahead to suggest an example of the automated where she maintains that an individual can drive a vehicle to a familiar destination without the requirement of much awareness. In a similar instance, the automated process can lead to a compulsive drug administration on one’s self, which could be drug injection, alcohol use or smoking. This adds to Tiffany’s theory and makes it stronger. Moreover, with continued acquisition and administration of the drug, the process becomes automated, as consumption becomes a behavior, which is generated by automated cognitive processes. The drug use action-plan expounds on this issue in sequential and over time behaviors of using the drug becomes integrated within an individual in that it is efficient and effortless. This provides a clear explanation on why the administration of the drug or alcohol becomes so easy to the point that individuals are no longer keen in what they are doing. Tiffany’s model becomes more effective because it expounds on the idea of urge generation. To explain urge generation, Tiffany uses the non-automated cognitive process. Since an urge does not develop abruptly, Tiffany attempts to explain how it

According to Markides (1999) There is surprisingly little agreement on Essay

According to Markides (1999) There is surprisingly little agreement on what strategy really is. Critically analyse this statement with reference to the many different definitions of strategy - Essay Example is report aims at understanding the various definitions that have been set down by the various authors in the past and to analyse whether the statement by Markides (1999) has significance in the true sense. The following section will deal with the various definitions that have been developed over the years. Strategy includes a number of different aspects that it is associated with. Firstly, a strategy is normally long planned. This is in a hierarchical system of goals and objectives. A strategy is a combined effort to create a blend between the external environment, internal resources and the capabilities of the resources within the business (Bernus, et.al, 2003). â€Å"Strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term, which achieves advantage in a changing environment through its configuration of resources and competences with the aim of fulfilling stakeholder expectations.† (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2006, p. 9) According to Johnson et.al, (2006), there are six major elements that strategic decisions are made out off. It is essential to understand that strategic decisions are normally long term directions of organisations, which include the scope of the organisation. Also this includes to a great extent gaining advantage over the competitors and addresses the changes that happen within the business environment. Strategies that are developed, try to develop the resources and try to improve the capabilities of the people within the organisation. These strategies are also expected to be based on the values and expectations of the stakeholder. There are a few different schools of the thoughts for the views of strategy. Each of the views of thought has been over the years from 1960s until now. The 1960s and the early 1970s, saw the school of thought where the strategies were expected to be systematic and with analytical approach. Following which the change in the need for strategy, this period aimed at having strategies which are more

How stakeholders influence business activities Essay

How stakeholders influence business activities - Essay Example 26). The key groups of stakeholders include but are not limited to employees, business partners, customers, and communities. â€Å"[T]he type of interest and degree of influence of each group varies between different types of stakeholders and different types of businesses† (Carysforth and Neild, 2000, p. 189). Stakeholders carry weight in the business activities as well as the decisions made by the company. Owners Owners are best able to judge the performance of a business. If a business makes more profit, it increases the likelihood of re-election of the directors of business in the subsequent elections. Owners assume the prime responsibility of establishment of the goals and objectives of a business, though the decisions are made in due consultation with other groups. For example, the directors that assume the responsibility of management of the company’s affairs on the daily basis can decide to prioritize the increase of sales instead of prioritizing the profits. Own ers influence the business activities by controlling the finances of the business. ... Government Government is one of the most important stakeholders in any kind of business. Responsibility comes with authority of the government. It is primarily the government’s responsibility to ensure that the product or service a company sells is not against the norms and values of the culture of the society in which the business operates. â€Å"The government can impose rules and regulations on businesses to ensure that customers are not exploited and employees are working in safe conditions† (Seliet, 2000, p. 90). Apart from that, the government obliges the business owners to pay tax on the earnings they make so that the money made from business can also be used for social services and the benefit of the society as a whole. Government regulates the business and ensures that the practices of the business do not subjugate or offend the rights of any community in the society. Governance and social responsibility Governance of a business means development of its vision, mission, and objectives which are overseen by the owners of a company in small businesses. Traditionally, maximization of the profitability of a business has remained the main focus of governance as well as all operations related to a business. In the present age corporate social responsibility happens to be the second most important depicter of the reputation and image of a company among the consumers whereas the quality of product or services of the company is the first. â€Å"According to some scientific research, customers do not evaluate companies based only on the features of their products and services, but also on what business practices they are engaged in, how their products are produced, and what effect on society the company has† (Kaufmann and

Serratia marcescens Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Serratia marcescens - Term Paper Example S. marcescens is susceptible to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, such as ceftoxamine, ceftazidime, cefepime, and cefpirome, though different mechanisms of resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins have been reported. A constitutive overproduction of Amp-C, as a result of mutation in the regulatory gene system of Amp-C expression results in resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. The other enzymes that confer resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins are Ambler Class A extended-spectrum ?-lactamases (ESBLs) or Class B metallo-?-lactamases. Mutation in chromosomal amp C gene also adds to the resistance pattern to expanded–spectrum cephalosporins in the Family Enterobacteriaceae. Enterobacter cloacae GC1, S marcescens GN16694 and S. marcescens HD are among the few clinical isolates producing extended-spectrum ?- Amp C ?-lactamases. Yatsuyanagi et.al., (2006), in their study examined the resistance mechanism of cetazidime-resistant S. marcescens strains from inp atients of a cerebral ward over a 14 month period in one hospital in Japan. One environmental and five E.coli transformants from clinical isolates harbouring the amp-C gene, cloned from S .marcescens and E.coli AS22-6-51, which is an amp-D mutant of E.coli C600, has a deletion mutation in AmpC. The cloning vector used was pBcSK+. The MICs of azetreonam, imipenem, meropenem, gentamicin, minocycline and levofloxacin were determined by broth dilution technique. The reference strain used for in vitro susceptibility testing was E. coli ATCC 25922. Chromosomal DNA was prepared from S .marcescens and the isolates were examined by PCR for the presence of the following genes : blaTEM , blaSHV, bla CTX-M, and plasmid borne amp-C genes. Primers specific for S.marcescens isolates were used to amplify a 552-bp fragment. Chromosomal DNA embedded in agarose plugs were prepared for Pulse-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). The primers amp-C Seq 5 was used to amplify 1.174 bp fragment containing the c hromosomal amp C gene and Mab/F and MAb/R primers were used to amplify the 1.192 bp fragment containing the blaTEM gene. These primers were used to sequence the chromosomal amp C gene and blaTEM gene from S. marcescens isolates. The primer amp C Exp5ER was used to amplify the chromosomal gene from S. marcescens strains ES46, ES76, and SM4 by PCR. Cloning of S. marcescens chromosomal amp C gene and construction of amp C harbouring E.coli transformants were carried out. Amp-C expressing transformants were confirmed to be positive for S.marcescens chromosomal amp C gene using PCR with a set of Sma amp C F and Sma amp C R primers and amp C Exp5ER and ampC Exp 3 HND primers for the 1,158 bp fragment containing the amp C gene using PCR. A primer was used to introduce a point mutation leading to a substitution of a third motif of the amp C gene, in a PCR based site -directed mutagenesis performed withal PCR in vitro. Using overnight cultures of S. marcescens, amp C ?-lactamases induction a nd enzyme assay were done using an ultrasonic disrupter and the protein content was evaluated by BCA protein assay reagent. DNA sequence data analysis were performed using an updated version of Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. The nucleotide sequences of the chromosomal amp C genes of S. marcescens were deposited in the Gene Bank data base. Results of the study showed that four strains of S.marcescens (ES11, ES31, ES42, and ES46) isolated from urine specimens showed an identical SpeI PFGE pattern, indicating that a

Domestic violence against women Essay Example for Free

Domestic violence against women Essay Among the different causes of injury to women, domestic violence tops the list, ahead of other causes such as rapes, mugging or even car accidents. According to recent reports by the CDC, there is an abuse of about 15 million children and women annually. Domestic violence lowers human dignity, and therefore, the whole world should come out and condemn it in the strongest terms possible. Many people argue that the women, who are mostly the victims of domestic violence, should also not keep silent about it to protect their spouses, but rather report them to the relevant authorities for the appropriate actions to be taken against the perpetrators. However, that would not be a complete solution to the problem. As a matter of fact, it puts the woman in more danger of a violent attack or even murder, should the man get freed, because they are likely to revenge the actions of the woman through violence. To solve the problem of domestic violence, the procedure has to begin from childhood. The children should be taught how to relate to others in a relationship from a young age at home. But the problem is that domestic violence begins at home, and the children who grow in families with regular violence, are likely to behave the same way in future, to their own families. Therefore, these lessons should be taught at school. Besides teaching our kids about science, mathematics, languages, and technology alone, they should also be taught about relationship skills. This helps them to understand the importance of love and the dignity of humans, deterring them from getting involved in domestic violence in the future. This can be a very effective way of dealing with domestic violence. Let us face it, is almost impossible to rehabilitate domestic violence offenders so that they can live peacefully with their families. Statistics indicate that perpetrators of domestic savagery have repeated the act more than once, and continue to threaten the victim of assault, should they dare counteract. Therefore, teaching a child early enough about relationship skills can be very beneficial to them in future, as they will have the knowledge to understand conflicting situations; making the right decisions and taking the right actions concerning them. The children should also not be exposed to a situation of domestic violence, and those in families with such problems should better be raised away from such an environment. We all have the power and ability to influence a stop to domestic violence. We need to speak about it openly, rather than hiding it. Many people suffer every day from domestic violence, but they are afraid to let it known to people because they fear revenge from the offenders. They are also made to feel that they are at fault for their suffrage. And people will always ask why they do not just walk out of the relationship, without considering the possible consequences they might suffer. Many victims who have broken their relationships because of domestic violence have ended up getting killed by their ex-boyfriends or husbands. There is also stalking of the victims, after they move on, or get married by other people. Therefore, we just ought to make a change, starting with ourselves, in respecting our relationships and our partners. Teaching our children early about relationship skills and raising them in a violence-free environment will in future give rise to a new generation of nonviolent husbands and wives. This is possible if we commit ourselves to making it happen. According to recent researches, children raised in families with domestic violence are more likely to be violent in future to their partners, than the children raised in nonviolent families. This implies that when the children grow up, they develop the characters that they were exposed to. Domestic violence can only thrive when we are silent about it, but when we all team up together to eliminate it, it can no longer be a subject of discussion. It is never late to act against a problem, and similarly, there is much that we can do right now and long into the future, concerning domestic violence. We can start by raising awareness about the issue and letting our family and friends know that we never will tolerate domestic violence and that they should stand together with us in its fight. There also are programs that have been formed to combat domestic violence, which we can support, in order to continue with the efforts of ending the matter in the long run. A difference can only be made when we stand together.

The Effects Of Exercise On Pulse Rate

The Effects Of Exercise On Pulse Rate Aim: To find out how exercise affects the human body, by measuring changes in pulse rate and blood pressure. Introduction The glucose is broken down in our tissues into Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP). ATP provides energy for processes such as muscle contraction (the process needed for exercise). The glucose and oxygen necessary for respiration are transported to the cells through the blood stream. The heart muscles contract to pump the blood around the body to the cells, providing the substances needed for respiration. When you exercise the muscle cells (which muscles are made of) need to contract more than usual, requiring more energy. To produce more energy the cells need more oxygen and glucose than they would usually receive. In order to supply the heart muscles contract faster. This increased rate of contraction increases the blood pressure, transporting the blood round the body faster. The increased rate of contraction can be measured through pulse rate or taking blood pressure. Glucose enters the blood stream through the digestive system but oxygen is absorbed into the blood stream through the lun gs. Oxygen is taken into the lungs and diffuses into the blood stream. The oxygen is transported round the body to the cells in this manner. In order to prove that these are the effects of exercise on the body I will need to conduct an experiment. I will exercise for varied periods of time or for varied periods of distance and I will record my number of breaths and pulse rate for one minute after exercising. I will also record my pulse rate and breathe rate at rest. This should prove that both increase after exercise. To choose an exercise and to determine whether I should use distance or time I will conduct a preliminary experiment. Method 1. Use the metre rule to measure a distance of 62 metres. 2. Measure the pulse (at the neck or the wrist) per minute and number of breaths per minute. 3. Jog the 62 metres (1 length). 4. When you have finished jogging record your pulse rate and number of breaths for one minute. 5. Jog 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 lengths, recording pulse and number of breaths per minute after each period of jogging. 6. Repeat each number of lengths at least 3 (preferably 5 or more) times. Result My results helped me choose an exercise to use for my experiment. running and bike were all too exhausting to keep up for long periods of time (they gave an extremely high pulse and breathing rate for just one minute of exercise). Step ups, sit-ups and power walking gave fairly low results, meaning that they might give insignificant changes after brief periods of exercise. Jogging gave a good mix between the two so I decided to use jogging as my chosen exercise. After choosing jogging I needed to find out whether time or distance was more appropriate for my final experiment. I jogged for 1-5 minutes and I jogged 62-310 metres (62 metres was the length of a tennis court I used as a measure of distance). After jogging I took my pulse rate and breathing rate for one minute each. Discussion The exercise would have to give clear results that would make a significant difference to blood pressure and pulse rate, without giving too drastic a change. If the change was too drastic it would be difficult to keep up the exercise for a long time or distance. I recorded results for eight different exercises, doing each exercise for one minute before taking pulse rate for one minute and breath for one minute. Conclusion Overall the evidence obtained was fairly accurate and reliable. I recorded several results for each distance in order to get a reliable average and to ensure that the results were not incorrect or abnormal. The results were not as accurate as they should have been, however. Two results, one for number of blood pressure and one for pulse were anomalous and had to be redone. The measurements taken were accurate as far as they go, but number of breaths per minute is ambiguous. The tidal volume (depth) of the breaths may vary over the minute they were being recorded, with breaths at the beginning of the minute being deeper than those at the end (due to the fact that less energy is needed just after an exercise than is needed a short time after the exercise). The procedure was relatively accurate and allowed plenty of opportunity for repeats. The procedure could have been improved if lengths with replaced with a continuous circuit, as more energy is required for turning and you need to sl ow down to turn. The main problem with the procedure was that there was no foolproof way of keeping the pace constant. This could perhaps have been rectified through the use of an electronic treadmill. On an electronic treadmill you set a speed and your pace must remain the same otherwise you run out of space to jog on. The evidence is firm enough to support my conclusion, although more evidence is needed to confirm it. The evidence is also reliable as a reasonable amount of repeats have been conducted. To provide firmer results, more repeats should be performed over a wider range; preferably using more than one person (I used only myself in this experiment). Two anomalous results were recorded. The first was a pulse rate of 123 after having run 310 metres (the other results recorded were 169, 171, 174 and 170).This anomaly was the result of losing count during the reading. The second anomaly was 40 breaths after running 620 metres (the other results were 57, 54, 59 and 52). This an omaly was a result of accidentally stopping the count before one minute had passed. Reflection As can be seen after exercise pulse rate and breathing rate increased. The pulse rate went up quite quickly at first, before slowly levelling off. Breathing rate increased steadily and slowly began to level off. The reason for this increase is due to the energy required for exercise. When running the muscles contract to make move. To be able to contract they need energy. They produce this energy through a process called aerobic respiration: As can be seen Glucose and Oxygen are required to produce energy that muscle cells need to contract. Glucose and oxygen are taken to the cells in the blood stream. Glucose is taken into the blood stream through the digestive system. Oxygen is taken into the blood stream through the lungs. When humans gasp (breath in) the oxygen that is inhaled diffuses (diffusion is the random movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to low concentration) into the blood stream. The oxygen diffuses through the alveoli, which are microscopic bubbles in the lung. A network of capillaries (tiny blood vessels) surrounds these alveoli and it is through these that oxygen enters the blood stream. In the blood there are red blood cells. These cells contain chemical called haemoglobin, which attracts oxygen. The oxygen is absorbed into the red blood cells and forms a compound with the haemoglobin, called ox haemoglobin, the heart muscles contract, forcing the blood round the body. The oxygen is transported round the body in the red blood cells; to where it is needed (it is needed in all cells as they must all carry out respiration to survive). When you exercise the muscle cells need to produce more energy than usual, so they need more oxygen and glucose than usual. To allow this to happen, your breathing rate must increase. You take in more breaths and your tidal volume the depth of your breath increases, Muscles in between your ribs contact, moving up and out and your diaphragm (a sheet of muscle at the bottom of your chest cavity) contracts, moving down. This increases the volume in your thorax (chest cavity), decreasing the pressure. Air rushes down to equalise the pressure. When you exhale your intercostals muscles and diaphragm relax, moving back to their original positions. The pressure is increased in your thorax so air rushes out to equalise the pressure. Your intercostals muscles and diaphragm contract more quickly and contract more than they usually would, to allow a greater amount of deeper breaths. Glucose and oxygen must still be transported to the cells, however. To accomplish your heart muscles contract more rapidly. This increases the blood pressure, forcing it round the body faster. This helps transport the oxygen and glucose to the muscle cells quicker. Also, it makes sure that plenty of blood is circulating around the capillaries in the lungs, so that more oxygen can be absorbed into the blood stream.

My Educational Philosophy Essay -- Philosophy of Education Teaching

My Educational Philosophy Philosophy can be broken up into different components. The first being the purpose of education, second, the nature of knowledge the students has, third the nature of the student, fourth the method that is used when teaching, and last, but not least the curriculum that is taught in schools. I feel that the purpose of education is to create a better person as well as a better environment. Today, people need education more than ever, whether its preschool, middle school, high school, or even college. If a person has an education, they will have better job stability, which means that wouldn’t lose their job. Technology gets better day by day. Jobs that required manual work fifteen years ago are now using computers or machines to get the work done. For example: factory’s these days use computers and machines to do mostly all the work, unlike years ago when everything had to be done by hand. I do not know, nor do I want to know how it would feel to have a nonliving â€Å"thing† to take my job. This could cause a person to have some serious mental downfalls which brings me to Rousseau. I agree with him when he says people should be able to make their own decision and have the right to choose to be good, physically fit, and happy. These three important thi ngs can better a persons life. The nature of knowledge is what I want to talk about next. Knowledge to me is comprehension that sticks with a person eternally. I believe knowledge can be on inherited from other family members. Fortunate for some, not too fortunate for others. Most children are born with the ability to learn, but, how fast a pace they learn makes a difference. A perfect example is if a student goes to Harvard, more than likely has previou... ... will give me the opportunity to make these ideas I have into reality. I know that after few years of teaching, I will make a lot of changes and adjustments. Seeing the varieties of teaching styles of my co-workers as well as experimenting. eventually would like to be able to join groups with other teachers and professionals that will allow me to learn more about teaching. Well, there you have it, my philosophy of education. I am aware that there are many ways of teaching and I am going to experience the different kinds. I am going to be very open-minded about other teachers philosophies and not criticize them. The variety of people is what makes the work â€Å"go round† and that is why all the teachers have different ways of teaching. However, I feel that the importance of these five components need to be stressed throughout the classrooms in all types of schools.

America is Not Responsible for September 11 :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

America is Not Responsible for September 11 I am starting to hear something somewhat disturbing about the September 11 attack on the United States. I hear people in the press saying it. I hear it from foreign spokesmen and organizations. And now I hear students and professors agreeing. What they are all saying is that American foreign policy is responsible for this attack. This is not the first time I have heard it. I read this when I was researching Internet sites in the Middle East for a school project. But now I hear it in America. Well, I absolutely reject that belief. And before you start down that road, let me give you an alternative argument and the facts to accompany it. In today's world of sound-bite journalism and quick, dumbed-down answers, this is an easy solution to a problem that doesn't have an easy solution. Sure, jump on the bandwagon. Blame America for all the bad things that happen to her. We are big, powerful and an easy target. Why not blame us? Who else can you blame? Well, simply put, the United States did not plant the bombs that have killed close to 9,000 Americans in the last decade. Someone else did. Nine thousand Americans were lost in terrorist bombings around the world in a decade. Still think this is our fault? There are some good critiques of American foreign policy. But when do we say enough is enough? When do we put the safety of our citizens above public opinion in other countries? Can we not say to the world that "these are our policies, they are based on good values and sound judgement," without fear of being killed? The answer is yes, we can, we will and we must. If we do not, then the hatred of a small minority dominates the rule of law for the vast majority. Let us examine the American foreign policy that is so terrible that terrorists feel justified murdering people in the hundreds and thousands at a time. I think you will see it may not be the root of all evil. First, let us examine our relations with Israel versus the Palestinians. This is the center of the criticism laid upon the backs of Americans dealing with the Middle East for at least 40 years.

Prisoners Without Choice Essay -- Zoology Zoo Animals Essays

Prisoners without Choice When people go on a trip to the zoo, it can be assumed that they do not think about much more than what they can see. Signals that make zoos unfair and sometimes unbearable for the captive animals are not visible to most spectators. This essay will explain how zoos are unjust and should not be supported. Animals should not be held captive due their negative behavioral changes, lack of natural habitat and the zoos failure to effectively preserve endangered species. Even though zoos try to imitate the natural habitat of each animal, the area for the zoo might not be able to support the animals needed environment. When visiting a zoo many people fail to notice that the animals have living areas measuring an acre or smaller. â€Å"Their enclosures are often small, barren, and without shade or privacy† (Laws). â€Å"Animals also need to endure dirty living conditions, stagnant water, and hard floors to sleep on at night† (Laws). It’s obvious that in the wild any animal has almost unlimited space to live in. They catch and forage for food naturally and mate naturally. Natural hunting and mating behaviors are virtually eliminated by regulated feeding and breeding regimens. Captive animals are not able to choose their own mates. After a captive animal does eventually breed, their mate is taken out of the area. This can be emotionally damaging for those animals who choose a mate for life. Most animals are similar to humans in the fact that they need a connection with their mate. Zoos often eliminate this option. The animals are closely confined, lack privacy, and have little opportunity for mental stimulation or physical exercise, resulting in abnormal and self-destructive behavior. This b... ...re not met. Animals are living beings that deserve rights and respect, and being kept in a zoo does not meet these standards. People need to realize that animals are worthy of some of the privileges we receive. Endangered species can ultimately be saved by us, if we support their natural habitats and fight the people who kill them. â€Å"Significantly, we object to human captivity for one reason only, that humans have a right to freedom, or just ought to be free. Why shouldn’t this be the case with non-humans too?† (Bostock). Zoos should not be supported because they are violating animal rights. Works Cited Bostock, Stephen, Zoos and Animal Rights: The ethics of keeping animals, 1993 â€Å"Laws as they apply to Animals and Zoos†, http://www.petaindia.com/zoolaws.html, Accessed 4/5/03 â€Å"Zoos: Pitiful Prisons†, http://www.peta.org/mc/facts, Accessed 3/20/03

Attticus finch eulogy

Attic's told me and Jeremy to â€Å"walk a mile In someone else's skin before you Judge them† this quote from him showed us that Attic's was the best role model that I could ask for and I don't think I would change Attic's as father for anything In the world. I would Like to tell you about one of the greatest moments In the life of this great and honorable man, the time he defended a dark skinned man against a white women In the Macomb courthouse, this man was Tom Robinson. My father believed that Tom Robinson was n innocent man who was convicted of a crime he didn't commit.My father bravely took on this case, even though he knew that he would probably not win. When taking on this case he knew that people would think of differently because he was defending a colored man. But he believed that he could win on the evidence he had gathered, he believed in Justice and believed in the Justice system. He wanted the justice to be color blind for the trial so the court could Judge Tom Robinson like a normal person. People rarely win, but sometimes you do. Sadly, this was one the cases my father did not, which shows that even the best can lose sometimes.Another great moment I think in his life was him taking time of his life to teach Gem and l. He wanted us to enjoy and to learn good useful things throughout our time with him. One of the great things taught us was it is better fight with your head instead of using your fists and also taught us that you never really understand a person until you consider things from their point of view. He taught us these things o he could keep us away from the ugly things in the world but not all the ugly things so we could learn from them.From the things my great father has taught Gem and l, I have learnt to respect myself and others, to try my best and to do what is right. With these things in mind I'd like to this speech to an end. I would like you reflect and learn from the things Attic's has taught me and the quotes he had sa id to me such as â€Å"walk mile in someone's skin before you Judge them†. When he first said these things to me I didn't realism what his sayings meant, but now I know what his quotes meant and I am honored he had said these things to me.It has been a privilege to have known Attic's, and to especially to have him as a father. I do not know what I would have done without him, may he rest In peace. Autistic finch eulogy (killing a mocking bird) By allotment Jeremy to â€Å"walk a mile in someone else's skin before you Judge them† this quote from him showed us that Attic's was the best role model that I could ask for and I don't think I would change Attic's as father for anything in the world.I would like to tell oh about one of the greatest moments in the life of this great and honorable man, the time he defended a dark skinned man against a white women in the Macomb Courthouse, this man was Tom Robinson. My father believed that Tom Robinson was with him. One of the gre at things taught us was it is better fight with your head as â€Å"walk a mile in someone's skin before you Judge them†. When he first said these things to me I didn't realism what his sayings meant, but now I know what his quotes would have done without him, may he rest in peace.

The Rise and Fall of Worldcom

Shaghayegh Davari * Wan-Ting Shao * Ananya Chandra * Niteesh Chinta * Shraddha Rane * Swathi Punreddy The Rise and fall of WorldCom This case study WorldCom is a telecommunications company which was led by CEO, Bernard Ebbers, and CFO, Scott Sullivan. In 1999, WorldCom was not meeting Wall Street’s revenue and earnings expectations, and it appeared that the coming year would produce more bad news. The CFO argued for setting realistic targets. However, the CEO insisted that the company needed double digit growth, and pushed for aggressive targets.A great deal of focus was not putting on â€Å"team work† and being a strong â€Å"team player†, which is said to have been a strategy to reduce dissenting opinions, eventually leading the organization not to follow a â€Å"groupthink† attitude. There is limited evidence to suggest appropriate review financial reporting controls were being reviewed independently and there was a lack of stringent monitoring of the i nternal control system and therefore the quality of the controls around the posting of journal entries to the general ledger was identified as a weak control.The Bernie Ebbers and Scott Sullivan where the leader of the company and influence of their leaderships over their followers which were the subordinates refer to their power and is relied on three bases, coercing power, legitimate power, and information power. Leadership powers can be used by themselves or combined so that the leader has maximum influence. The leader will therefore need to think carefully about which power to use which in this case was not used in a way that at last resulted in decrease which was company’s bankruptcy.Firstly, the main relevant theory in use by these managers for leading company was coercive power, they showed their ability to apply punishment to subordinates and it is originating from the manager’s position and controlling co-worker‘s behavior by forcing them to do whatever is not coming right to their believe. However, good leaders use coercive power only when in the last sort since coercive power can performance in the short term. Coercive power relies on threaten and will backfire badly if used as the only base for using influence.In this case, the employees were publicly berated and intimidated for questioning managers’ decisions and further information. Secondly, the legitimate power by the leaders is used to some extent in this case. It was written in co-worker’s minds that the leaders have right to instruct them and that they have an obligations to follow whatever instructions the leader are providing them and there is no need for whatever is not being provided to them.Legitimate power comes from the authority of the company’s position which can request certain behaviors of others. Ebbers indicated as personal charisma power which could be named as †divine power† and made the board of directors think that he know s the way and the answers and could nurture or guide them; therefore, by producing passive board, rubber-stamped most of his recommendations. Finally, the managers in this case also relies on the information power.Information Management is an emerging field that is concerned with information; the infrastructure used to collect, store and deliver it; and the organizational and social contexts in which it exists. But these two managers did not deploy the information power as a competitive tool because there was no efficient and effective deployment of the resources of the company. However, while you can’t control anyone (except perhaps yourself), you can influence nearly everyone. This is the essence of true leadership.By this definition, Ebbers and Sullivan were great leaders in. One of the tactics influenced in this case involves actively applying legitimate and coercive power by even managers or subordinates usually form a group and tried to influence others by using threats of sanctions to force compliance, threaten, and apply punishment if the subordinates does not comply with the requests. Information control is simultaneously an influence for this case which is linked intimately with influence and power.The managers in this case hold lots of information without telling any of their employees and limited subordinates to have access to valuable information and make them stay in dark about work issue. Assertive might be called â€Å"vocal authority† which was another influence. Using the managers’ positions of power and so as to despise and control the employees will cause a lot of problem and damage of respect over the long term.However, the employees from the WorldCom quoted events that they were denounced for asking about any decisions or asking for information. In this case the managers did not use organizational politics in terms of behavior of interest groups to use power to influence decision making. They both focused on the self- serving and organizationally non sanctioned nature of individual behavior in organization. The most important tactic was developing strong allies and forming power coalitions, and associating with these two managers in their business.They consider threat available in organization settings, it seems quite reasonable to expect that people will find it advantageous to manage the impressions that others form of them, even in situation which subordinates feel that the outcome is failing. In this case almost all the executives and staff identified information as a political tool which is depending on the managers and it comes that the purpose of this tactic may be to burry or obscure an important details the political actors of the company which were these two managers believe that could harm them, when the risk of withholding information is too great.

Potential Communication Barries Essay

Mental distraction which results to taking a lot of time between when you hear something and when you speak emotional distraction   makes someone overreact to what is spoken which makes him divert attention   far away from whoever is communicating which results to the person who is addressed not getting the information. When both speaker and listener have shared knowledge, there is barrier because both of them use same vocabulary and the listener fails to take what is communicated seriously. Physical distraction for example noise that make people not understand each other properly, when the room is too warm, people occupying it may be uncomfortable and loose concentration of what is being communicated. When judgment is done by those communicated to by appearance or knowledge or making judgment without facts to support it, communication is broken down because of the listener judging the communicator by what he can see but not by what he can offer. This will make the communicated be taken lightly and what he says will not be taken seriously. Lack of interest in what is communicated and having negative attitude towards the presenter will create barrier to effective communication because even the message delivered will be of little use to the listener. HOW TO OVERCOME COMMUNICATION BARRIERS You should stop talking and concentrate on listening in order to get all what is communicated and respond accordingly. Pay attention so that the parties concerned can be actively involved in the discussion and they can understand each other as they talk. Non verbal language should be paid attention to by keeping eye contact between both parties and getting the facial expression of the communicator. Always make sure that you question the speaker to ensure that your understanding is accurate so that you can get everything that is communicated to you. Resist any destruction by shuffling papers that can make your attention to be diverted away from what is being communicated. Do not draw while you listen because your concentration will be affected all the time. When upset by what the speaker is saying, do not interrupt until the speaker finishes whatever he is saying. Open your mind and try to look at the situation from the speakers point of view befo9re you can go ahead to make any judgment to the situation in question. If you have your own view about what the speaker is saying, you can use it to mirror what you heard from the speaker. IMPACT OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION WHILE INTERACTING WITH OTHER OFFICERS, WITNESSES AND POSSIBLE SUSPECTS Bouncing leg indicates that you have no interest in whatever is said and a sign of impatience because you are getting tired and you wand the speaker to finish whatever he is saying as quickly as possible. Nodding of head is a sign of approving what has been said. It shows the listener is encouraged by what has been said and also he understands what the speaker is tying to communicate. When an eyebrow is raised, this shows lack of believing what is said and questions the speaker’s message and also a sign of being surprised by whatever has been said. When the listeners remain silent, they understand everything that is being said. The topic is interesting to that and they want to continuer hearing more about it and they respect the speaker and can not make any noise while he is speaking. Slouching shoulders is a sign of tiredness because the speaker might have taken too long communicating without giving the listeners break to relax before he continues with his speech. It can also be a sign of discouragement and loss of hope. Looking away means that you are impatient and cannot wait any longer for the speaker to finish what he is saying. This is also a sign of lack of interest in what is being said. HOW TO GO ABOUT SPEAKING WITH THE FOLLOWING: The hearing impaired man Make sure the hearing aid is in the ear and if it is turned, adjust it to the right position to ensure that it is functioning properly and make sure the battery is working and replace it with a new one if it is not functioning well. Stand directly in front of the person so that he can see you clearly and be able to get individual attention from him when you are close enough to him before you begin to talk. When you approach the person, make sure he sees you to avoid making him startled. He should always know that there is some one near him not to be caught by surprise. Make the speech easier to understand by him by not chewing, eating or smoking while you talk to him. Hand should be kept away from face so that you can be seen clearly and learn any face expression which communicates a lot about your feelings. The background noise that interferes with proper hearing should be avoided to ensure total concentration of the listener and the speaker. Enough time should be allowed for meaningful conversation without running out of time. if messages are necessary, write them down so that the hearing impaired man can be able to read them.   When speaking, do not shout so that whatever you are saying can come out clearly and can be understood very well. Different ways can be used to make the message be properly understood. Speaking to the child The language ability level should be should be identified to know how to communicate to the child in a language that he can be able to understand. Know the physical capability of the child and emotional capability and communicate in a passionate manner and do not include any judgment to the child so that he can be encouraged to continue talking. Make sure the child is comfortable and help him understand the purpose of the interview. The language should be adjusted to help the child understand all the questions and a simple and well explained manner. The gang The gang should be reliable, look for what is positive and of material to the gang. Be yourself and real. Make the promises that you can always keep to ensure that you develop trust in the gang. be a good role model whom the gang can look at and admire all the time and help them mould their character. You should be aware of the experiences that other people have as you continue dealing with the gang and do not ignore their experience. Take care of the body language especially the movement of hands to avoid threatening the gang. Understand the gangs’ language so that you can ensure there is effective communication. Things should not be taken at personal level and help those who are in need of your help. Visually shaken Describe to them the room layout as you enter and inform him when you want to leave. If the person needs your guidance, allow him to take your arm for guidance. Increase lighting in the room and ask him if he needs your help and offer to help him. If you want to touch the person, first call him by name so that he can be aware that there is someone who is near him. Allow the person touch you if he needs to do so. Treat him like a sighted person and do not show him that you sympathize with his situation for him to know that he is still worthy despite his situation because disability is not inability. Explain to them what you are doing so that they may not be suspicious of what you are doing. Where possible, encourage independence and leave things where they are unless you are asked to move them to another place. Technology used throughout investigation and in the court room The law is enforced so that it can be followed by all the affected parties. the witnesses are interrogated for them to give evidence of the case in question that will assist the court in making judgment. The person who is guilty of the offence is arrested and waits for the day of trial. The days for the judge to listen to the case are booked at a given time in future. The suspects are held from the day they are caught until when their case will be heard which is the same day when citizens bring their claims to be heard by the judge. Ethical issues to consider There is training of judges on how to handle cases and how to judge the criminals depending on the evidence given concerning the committed crime. The sensitivity of the case is very important to ensure that judgment is done fairly without favorism or discrimination of either of the parties. There should be awareness of the rules and regulations set by the government on how all the citizen should behave and the disciplinary action taken against anybody who disobeys the law. The issue of equitable treatment to all citizens is important where they are all treated as equals and no one is taken as more important or special than the others. CONFLICT RESOLUTION Parties involved achieve success without leaving either party devoid of dignity or respect. It results in win solution by both parties getting something in return for considering the other. Success approach to conflict resolution is establishing relationship with disputing parties, have strategy for mediation, collect information, design plan, build trust, define the issues, uncover interests that are hidden, get settlement means and have a bargaining to achieve the settlement. SUBSEQUENT INTERROGATION The people present at the time the suspect takes a hostage are questioned and they give out the circumstances surrounding the ability of the suspect to take hostage. The police writes a report which is analyzed and helps to know where the suspect might have gone to take refuge so that he can be caught. If it was a plot for him to escape, the officers concerned faces disciplinary action and can be suspended from their duties till further notice. ASSOCIATED LEGAL ISSUES The suspect is caught again and will have two cases to answer in court. The murder case and taking a hostage. The judge will listen to both cases and gives judgment for both of them as two separate cases. If he is found guilty, he will be arrested and faces a jail sentence. WRITING PRESS RELEASE There was a suspect of murder who took a hostage from court after he was arrested in court. He is tall, medium sized and dressed in black trouser and white shirt. Anybody who has any information concerning him can report to the nearest police station and will receive a reward of one thousand dollars in cash. Thank you. From criminal investigation department The key participants in this trial are The eye witnesses who witnessed the shooting as it occurred for example, the child who was playing outside, the person who was impaired in hearing, the shaken visually who was pumping gas and the young gang members. The credibility issues are that when these eye witnesses were interrogated at different times, they gave the same information concerning the suspect. A gun was recovered from the pocket of suspect and he had put on more than one trouser so that when he commits crime he can be able to remove the trouser on top to hide his identity. The role l would play in the trial is that, I would guide the court on who to use to give evidence because, I was able to see who was on the spot immediately the shooting occurred and nobody else should give the evidence apart from the ones who were present. REFERENCES Albert Mehrabian; Nonverbial Communication; Transaction Pub,2007 Mc Mains, M.J, and Mullins, W.C, Crisis Negotiations in Law enforcement and corrections. Cincinnati, OH; Anderson Pub,2001 Edmund Husserl, Dermot Moran; Logical Investigations; Routledge,2001   

What Is True Love

Charles Argument Essay Many people have wondered can true love last forever. I agree and disagree that true love can last forever because true love is how you feel and feelings can always change. True love is described in three words – infatuation, lust, and friendship/companionship. True love can be disproved by infatuation. Infatuation is temporary euphoric state of that is the research on blood chemistry when someone says they’ve â€Å"fallen in love† as stated by Bill Ferguson in his research â€Å"Studying the Science of Falling in Love. He says that love is a temporary state that people go through but it can at any point. Infatuation proves that true love can’t last forever because it’s a temporary state that express how a person feel for example when a person sayâ€Å"I’ve fallen in love† which can change at any point in a relationship. However, true love can last forever is expressed by friendship, or companionship. Friendship , or companionship if you will, is the one element of a love relationship that can, potentially, go on indefinitely as stated by Ferguson in â€Å"Studying the Science of Falling in Love. What Ferguson may have meant was that a truly in love couple is like a relationship that they enjoy being in company with so it has the potential to last forever. Friendship and companionship proves that true love can last forever because it is possible/capable to last forever Cofer’s essay â€Å"I feel in love, or my hormones awakened† supports Ferguson’s claim of infatuation and lust. For example, in her essay she says â€Å"Week after week I wandered up and down the aisles taking furtive glances at the stock room in the back, breathlessly hoping to see my prince. What this mean is that she was in love with a rich senior that every week she just hoped to see him in the stock room. Cofer’s essay proves that true love can’t last forever because she admired him a nd it can last forever because she wants to be with him but she holds it as a secret love.Cofer’s essay â€Å"I feel in love, or my hormones awakened† and Ferguson’s research â€Å"Studying the Science of Falling in Love† both states that true love can and can’t last orever by relating it to three words – infatuation, lust, and friendship. Both Cofer and Ferguson described that true love can last forever with lust and it can’t last forever with infatuation. Ferguson described that true love can last forever with friendship/companionship. These three words helped both Cofer and Ferguson decide if true love can last forever or not. Both stated that true love can and can’t last forever.

The Salesperson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Salesperson - Essay Example The advise will usually, but not limited to, be related to the circumstance surrounding the product and services that the salesperson is offering (Bathrooms+Kitchens magazine, 2003). A salesperson is also expected to have understanding with the customer and appreciate what they are trying to accomplish. And finally, the most important task of a salesperson is to 'seal the deal' or make a sale by using the most effective technique of 'negotiating', as more and more customers are demanding for discounts and attractive 'bargains', demands like these are often 'fuelled' by the trends in the advertising industry', such as 'buy dining table now and pay later' with further 0% interest rate offer. Furthermore, the salesperson is expected to be likeable by his prospective customers. 'People buy people first' is an old concept but still holds true in modern times. For salespeople to be successful, they should be approachable and can readily explain to the customer regarding advise and most especially the information of the product or services being offered (Bathrooms+Kitchens magazine, 2003). However, the role of a salesperson has been changing radically over couple of years and will further continue to change as influenced by the revolution in the business sector such as globalization (Appleton associates, n.d.). The number of salesperson required in today's competitive world is also significantly reduced and continue with down trend. In previous years, there were over 1 million salespeople in the United Kingdom, but now there are only an estimated 500,000 salespeople. This is almost 50% reduction in the selling profession. Modern technology have much to do with this trend. Product policies, transportation and advertisements have all influenced the decline in the needed salespeople especially in the fast-moving products. However, due to increased competition and awareness, the much needed professionalism of salespeople are even more required in order to stay competitive (CIM analyst, 2000). 'The days of the solo salesman roaming around his territory looking for the next sale are gone-the selling role is now more complex than cold calling' (Bulletpoint, n.d.). Undoubtedly, the most important factor in changing the role of a salesperson in today's world is the changing attitudes and priorities of the customers as well as the development of mass media and the internet. Most customers of today are more informed, through television and other mass media, about the goods and services that a salesperson might offer. In fact, some customers are even more aware of the information of the competitor's products or services than the salesperson himself. This situation could lead to embarrassment on the part of the salesperson. Customers are putting much emphasis on how the product is acquired rather than the quality of the product itself. Customers nowadays are less affected by the salesperson's 'competence or behaviour, and the use of 'traditional techniques of selling has little n egative or no effect at all on customer's decision to purchase the goods or services being offered by the salesperson (Bulletpoint, n.d.). Today, being adequate is no longer that is needed for salespeople to succeed in getting sales. Salespeople have to be

Should all hacking be banned(Persuasive Paper) Research Paper

Should all hacking be banned(Persuasive ) - Research Paper Example Advancement in technology has made available new communication tools, which enable communication over long distance. The internet is regarded as a source of entertainment, information and communication with activities, which include e-mail, web surfing, shopping and reading news. Internet connections allow easy transfer of a variety of media from one location to another, thus enhancing sharing and building relations among people. It is the increased dependency on computers and internet that fuels cybercrime, which poses an enormous risk to infrastructure that, is dependent on such utilities. The United States ranks first in a list of ten countries known for hacking tendencies as indicated by the table below. Adopted from http://i.huffpost.com/gen/609514/thumbs/o-GLOBAL-HACKING-TOP-TEN-570.jpg?4 Presently, most internet crimes have led to loss of personal information, which is stolen leaving a trail of suffering people. Such heavy damages are usually attributed to hackers or hacker gr oups who derive their gains from gathered information within a short period. Adopted from http://www.csmonitor.com/var/ezflow_site/storage/images/media/images/0426-password-chart/7780968-1-eng-US/0426-password-chart_full_600.jpg?nav=268203-csm_article-leftColRelated It is for such reasons that software companies regularly update their products, which serves to keep the level of vulnerability at all-time low. Moreover, owing to the risks involved, the public is of the opinion that hacking should be banned forgetting the benefits derived from ethical or controlled hacking. Therefore, most people think that hacking is unconditional malicious and are of the opinion that all hacking should be banned. The benefits derived from controlled hacking are critical to national security as well as in maintaining a high standard in electronic products. It is for this reasons that some level of hacking should be permitted while maintaining surveillance on hackers or hacker groups that are deemed ma licious. This paper seeks to highlight positive aspects associated with hacking and how they serve the society. Common beliefs about hacking illustrate hacking as simple operations that involve a sequence of commands, which on the contrary, is a skill. The United States legal definition describes computer hacking as the deliberate access of computer systems without authority or exceeding authorised access. Hacking is the practice of manipulating computer systems and software to perform contrary to what they were initially created for. As such, a hacker presents as a skilful computer programmer or user who uses his ability to gain unauthorised access to data and information. On the other hand, cracking relates to the modifying software with the aim of removing features they deem as limitations to the software’s potential. The targeted features of the software usually include copy protection, date checks, serial numbers and product keys (Negi, 2011).In essence, crackers seek to disable or remove safety measures that often compel computer users to buy original software and products. Crackers often prey on all computer packages ranging from operating systems to games. The crackers then distribute the modified products as pirated versions without charge, which proves to be a headache for software companies due to losses incurred. It is for this reason that software cracking is illegal owing to its malicious nature of their activities. The terms hacker and cracker are often used interchangeably,

Company analysis - Sears Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Company analysis - Sears - Term Paper Example Henceforth, the study attempts to determine the recent corporate governance issues that are currently affecting the company's decisions and to report how the company is or should be handling the issues. Mission, vision, and primary stakeholders: The most important mission of the company is to build customer relationships by providing better qualities of wide ranges of goods and services, like clothing, footwear, bedding, furniture, jewelry, beauty products, appliances, housewares, tools, and electronics. Profitability or the policy of making more money is another important mission of the company. The final mission of the company is to make improvements in each and every day in the business domain and also in the market and to the customer through achievement of greater customer satisfaction. The most important vision of the company is explained by the company itself which is: â€Å"Sears is committed to improving the lives of our customers by providing quality services, products, an d solutions that earn their trust and build lifetime relationships† (Vision, mission, values, 2012, p. 1). The company was founded by Richard Warren Sears and Alvah Curtis Roebuck in 1886. From its beginning, the primary stakeholders of the company were Richard Warren Sears and Alvah Curtis Roebuck. In 2005, the company was merged with Kmart and created Sears Holdings Corporation. Since then, the owners of Kmart also become the primary stakeholder of the company (Corporate History: A retailing legend is born, 2012, p. 1). Five forces of competition and its impacts on the company: Threat of new entrants: The large size of the company, the large size of the market share of the company, the high level of customer satisfaction, cost-effective business strategies, as well as high level of profit making ability are creating potential threats for new entrants to enter into competition with the company. This is in effect raising the level of profit and market share of the company. Thr eat of Substitute Products: Since the company is only a departmental store of various goods and services which are products or services of other production houses, therefore, the theory of substitute is not directly related to the company. However, the company faces competition from other departmental store like WalMart. In this case, the company takes strategies like lowering prices of various products and/or increasing the quality of these products to create treats to substitute companies and their products. These strategies are helping the company to increase the share of the market and also to make more profits. Bargaining power of suppliers: The bargaining power of the suppliers of various goods and services supplied to the company depends upon the markets for those products and services. Since the markets for various products sold by the company are very large, therefore, these suppliers are also gaining little bargaining power in the market and, hence, the amount of earned pr ofits of the company is very high. Between 1950s and 1970s the high quality of products sold by Sears and greater volume of profits gave the company’s suppliers negligible amount of bargaining power. Bargaining power of customers: The greater level of customer satisfaction is the most important part of the success story of the company. In this regard, the level of bargaining power of the customers of the company is also low. However, this does not mean that the company implements whatever policies it wants to

Renal system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Renal system - Essay Example In intrinsic or renal type, structural and functional damage of nephrons occurs due to inflammatory, cytotoxic or inflammatory insults to the kidney. In postrenal kidney injury, there is obstruction to passage of urine. Acute renal failure can be oliguric or nonoliguric. In the former type, the daily urine volume is less than 400ml/day. The prognosis in this type is usually poor except in prerenal cases. Urine output of less than 100ml per day is anuria and occurs when there is bilateral obstruction or injury to both kidneys (Workeneh, and Batuman, 2011). 2. Tests useful in the management of acute renal failure are serum biochemistries, complete blood picture, urine analysis and urine electrolytes. Ultrasonography is useful is ascertaining the cause of renal failure, especially if the failure is due to obstruction. The hallmarks of acute renal failure are serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen , both of which are elevated. However, the levels of these substances and the rate of ris e depend on the degree of insult to kidneys. It is important to ascertain the ratio of BUN to creatinine. When the ratio is 20:1, is suggests enhanced absorption of urea, suggesting prerenal injury. BUN may be elevated in other conditions like gastrointestinal bleeding, steroid administration and loading of proteins. rise of serum creatinine by more than 1.5mg/dL/d warrants evaluation for rhabdomyolysis. Complete blood picture provides an overview of the anemia and leukocytosis. Peripheral smear shows schistocytes in conditions like hemolytic uremic syndrome. Increased formation of rouleax is suggestive of myeloma and the workup must be directed towards serum and urine immunophoresis. Other tests which help in detecting the etiology are presence of free hemoglobin, free myoglobin, increased levels of serum uric acid, serological tests like antinuclear antibody, antistreptolysin antibody and serum complement levels. Urine analysis is a very useful investigatory tool. In tubular necro sis, granular muddy brown casts will be seen. In some cases tubular cast cells or oxalate crystals may be seen. Cola colored urine or reddish brown urine is suggestive of hemoglobin. Presence of significant proteinuria is suggestive of tubular injury. Presence of red blood cells in urine is suggestive of inflammation of glomerulus or bleeding in the collecting system. Presence of white blood cells or their casts in urine is suggestive of acute interstitial nephritis or pyelonephritis. Presence of eosinophils indicates allergic interstitial nephritis (Schrier, 2004). There are basically 3 stages of acute renal failure and they are oliguric-anuric phase, early diuretic phase and late diuretic phase. In the oliguric-anuric phase, the urine output is less than 400 ml/day. There is electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis and raised serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. The phase lasts for about 14 days. In the early diuretic phase, the patient passes large volumes of urine, about m ore than 3000ml per day. This is because; the glomeruli are functioning but the tubules are not. The tests reveal electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis and even raised serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. In the late diuretic phase, the urine output is still above normal limits. The urine specific gravity is rising. Fluid and electrolyte balances and acid-base balances are within normal limits (Schrier, 2004) 3. More often than not, the only symptoms of acute

Chose an interesting Topic - Make it strong or Use Bridging the Essay

Chose an interesting Topic - Make it strong or Use Bridging the Digital Divide - Essay Example Such is the case with the urbanized communities, who are in a better position to access such technologies, as opposed to the rural communities. The access to computer and other forms of technology comes with its educational advantage, where the societies accessing the computers have higher chances of becoming educated than those who do not have the access (Bridging the Digital Divide, 49). Owing to digital divide, Nicholas Negroponte started the One Laptop per Child Program (OLPC), whose main objective was to bridge the digital divide, by making computers available and accessible to all children all over the world. Despite facing various challenges, the program has registered considerable success, by making computers accessible to many children all over the world, with some countries such as Uruguay completely meeting the objective of providing every child with a computer (Bridging the Digital Divide, 50). Due to the power and electricity accessibility problems in different parts of the world, as well as the internet infrastructural issues, the program focuses on availing computers that are not entirely dependent on electricity as a source of power and with inbuilt internet accessibility. This has seen the development of Computer models such as the OX-I, OX-1.75 and OX-3(Bridging the Digital Divide, 50). This initiative has seen other technology companies such as Intel launch similar programs, with its Classmate-PC initiative that has since made computers even more accessible to different parts of the world. The importance of such programs in bridging the digital divide cannot be overemphasized. Question 1 There are various reasons why digital divide matters to children and their families. First, digital divide places some sections of the community at an advantage over the others, through providing them with opportunities for education and information accessibility, which the other sections lack (Servon, 48). Digital divide also matters to children and their pa rents, since it serves to increase the social and economical inequality, through making computer technology affordable to the families that are at a higher economic level, enabling their children to enjoy the benefits that come with computer and internet skills, while the poor families are left behind. This translates to the rich families dominating the poor families in social aspects, such as economical and political (James, 15). Digital divide also determines the infrastructural development of the society. This means that the societies that have access to computer technology will also enjoy other infrastructural development such as electricity, compared to societies with no computer technology access. This translates to families and children who have no computer technology access remaining disadvantaged by underdevelopment (Yelton, 33). Question 2 The OLPC project will be successful. This is because; the program has translated into reality in countries such as Uruguay and parts of the US, with the same also happening in Australia and Rwanda, and in other countries in the near future (James, 23). Additionally, the initiative to provide every child with a laptop is attractive to many philanthropists, NGOs, charitable organizations and even governments, which can easily translate such a program to

Contract and procurement management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contract and procurement management - Case Study Example The budget of Ruralshire County is short and it is expecting high quality of services. Traditionally, only a small number of local contractors have the high capacity (100 seater) vehicles for these routes and because the routes are long they are challenging in terms of the ability of vehicles to keep to time, especially in adverse traffic and weather conditions. In keeping with wider practice, bus and coach operators deploy older vehicles to school transport and pupils can expect to travel in vehicles more than 10 years old.  The client is unhappy at the high cost and unreliability of a cluster (8) of long-distance routes transporting around 700 secondary age pupils from the city of Maynard Kaines (located outside the county) to Amplewealth (the county town) some 22 miles away where these children attend four local grammar schools. The combined cost of these contracts is 1.1M per annum. This report intends at identifying the important of this project. This report also intends at identifying the important of reverse e-auctions for the upcoming project. Moreover, this report ends at presenting a business case that identifies the benefits, costs, risks and gaps of the upcoming project (Worksafe.vic.gov.au, 2015). Effective procurement is a key to provide best services to businesses and customers. Selection process of suppliers is a way to identify a best person or company for a service. There are a lot if procurement approaches to select vendors to get service and goods. There are a lot of possible re-procurement approaches to achieve the business objectives mentioned in our case study of home-school transportation. In our case it is important to reduce the costs associated with the transportation of children from homes to schools. The award of new contract is strongly associated with the cost effectiveness of the transportation coupled with less travel time (Imagination.lancs.ac.uk, 2015).

Middle east and international relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Middle east and international relation - Essay Example that substantially ‘oils’ the world since large volumes of crude oil, a key source of energy for human global use, are mined in this region (Ismael p.183). As a result of its strategic position and numerous reserves for petroleum resources, Middle East has evolved as one of the most critical regions of contemporary world. In terms of political stability, Middle East has not been lucky as most nations of the region experience unstable political environment, an opportunity that has been exploited by superpower nations as they fight it out to gain advantage in the region (Ismael p.183). Economically, this is a region characterized by poor economic record for almost the previous two centuries. Compared to other western countries, the region’s per capita income is seen to be less than a third of per capita income in most of the advanced nations and life expectancy is almost eight years lesser (Kuran p.1). On overall, major nations of the region are characterized as poor performers economically (Kuran p.1). One theory that still remains disputed for providing reasons for underdevelopment of the region postulate that Islam ‘inhibits’ economic development of the region through its ‘culturally insensitive’ aspects such as â€Å"fatalism, personalism, laziness, lack of curiosity, mistrust of science, superstition, conservatism and traditionalism† (Timur p.2). Therefore, the essence of this paper is to look at issues of Middle East as it influences international relations. Israel-Palestine conflict is an issue that cannot be resolved today, tomorrow or the day after. It is a hot issue that both sides backed by their various international allies have approached with particular definite positions hardening every day. The problem originates from events of 29th November 1947 when the United Nations’ General Assembly passed a resolution to partition Palestine into two countries one occupied by Jewish and another occupied by Arab (Karsh p.8). Jerusalem was to