Heroic Criminals Essay Example for Free

Heroic Criminals EssayAll throughout childhood we argon taught that breaking the faithfulness is bad and the people who do are criminals and should be punished. Edward Abbey, author of The Monkey sprain Gang, and Carl Hiaasen, author of Sick Puppy, alter these thoughts. Both novels focus on adventuresome environmentalists who stir up tip over in sozzleds of standing up for their beliefs. Both Abbey and Hiaasen construct higher(prenominal)(prenominal) and natural laws over the traditional justice system that gives characters defense for their actions.Ethically we as humans should not side with these rebellious characters, but the theme is so central in the books cover-to-cover that we, as readers, lose sight of morals as the authors bull us to become completely invested in these heroic criminals. With sharp uses of characterization and description, Edward Abbey glorifies the art of law breaking and leaves his readers cheering for the heroic criminals. Throughout The Monkey Wrench Gang, the group of four activists set out to destroy couples, signs, bulldozers and anything else harming the American southwest.From the very beginning, Abbey illustrates a scene full of the workings of the justice system in his prologue. When describing the watching to open the bridge over he narrates, the bridge stands clear and empty except fora symbolic barrier of red, white and blue ribbon stretched across the bridge from rail to rail (3). If the sense of patriotism wasnt evident enough through images of children eating ice cream cones and people drinking Coca-Cola before that, Abbey drapes the bridge in the colors of our nations flag.His portrayal of the project seems to be adored and almost sponsored by America. He uses the writing technique of verisimilitude throughout the prologue to captivate readers and make them nervous to see who disapproves the project. This is a consecutive introduction and welcoming to rebellious characters. As the novel progresses, we become familiar with the gang Hayduke, Bonnie, Seldom Seen and Doc, as they are effort through billboard signs. Some readers might lose respect for the characters because their actions seem hypocritical and pointless.Their actions are once morest the law. But then Abbey slowly develops the characters and gives them justification for these criminal actions. He does this with Hayduke criticizing the construction of bridges, They cant do that it aint legal. Theres a law against it. A higher law (27). The phrase higher law justifies the gangs destruction because they are taking a stand to save the environment, the beautiful American southwest. As destruction projects trace bigger, we think ourselves rooting for these criminals because they are heroes.And we find ourselves captivated in the novel with Abbeys clever use of an episodic plot. He arranges plot elements into a story and although we arent deep into the characters lives, the focus on episodes drives us forward. As Abbey slow ly develops the protagonist characters, he introduces the character, Bishop Love, who we as readers coin as the antagonist. Once again Abbey manipulates our morals as we begin hating the character who could possibly bring down our rebels. Bishop Love exclaims, We might get them on the Mann Act come to think of it-crossing the state line for immoral purposes (296).The fact that the Mann Act was first established to regulate prostitution across state lines cleverly draws us against the bishops character and law in general. Abbeys use of an actual law brings the entire chase back to reality as we still see ourselves siding with the heroic criminals. Abbey really creates this chase into a war and the heroic criminals become heroic war veterans. As the chase continues, Hayduke once again defines this higher sense of law and justification for war, I sat in that rotting jungle every night, playing with my chain, and all I could think about was home.And I dont mean TucsonI thought about th e canyons (359). This is a very lively twist on the patriotic term war because when we think of war we think of Americans passing play into another country. Here, Americans are in a war in America against other Americans. And because of this, someone is breaking the law or going against the law. As true as that statement is, we find ourselves naming the criminals as the war heroes through Abbeys manipulation. Although in the end these heroes are captured and the project seems to be brought to an end, the denouement proves to dress poetical justice.The epilogue consists of Doc, Bonnie and Seldom being almost immediately bailed out of jail, Bishop Love in slow recovery, and the survival of the most prominent environmentalist, Hayduke. such(prenominal) a fitting ending for our manipulated beliefs. Similarly to Edward Abbeys manipulation of our morals through characterization and development, Carl Hiaasen uses the same techniques within the theme of criminal heroes. Right cancelled the bat, we meet Twilly who is the definition of activist. We quickly learn that if he doesnt standardized something, he takes immediate action.And its not with anger that he takes action, but disappointment, if I was really pissed, I wouldve done it on a Monday morning, and I wouldve made damn sure my uncle was inside at the time (19). This is in response to his therapist asking if the reason he blew up a bank was due to the fact that he was angry his uncle made a loan to some crappy people (18). We arent really introduced to the proper sense of law as we were in The Monkey Wrench Gang, but such grotesque images of the characters in policy-making positions make us see them as the bad guys and the person who blows up a bank as a hero.More grotesque images develop as we learn about Robert Clapley and his Barbie dolls and Palmer Stoat and his trophies. So even though we want to hate the main characters, we hate who Hiaasen wants us to hate more. With this manipulation technique and Hiaasens rapid tonal shifts between parallel characters, we find ourselves not being able to put the novel down. He creates a sense of higher law that gives us a place to go and pretend were there with Twilly being a heroic criminal and activist. Hiaasen also does not overstep his boundaries with this sense of higher law as characters are able to resist destruction.In the scene where Twilly and Desie are driving behind a lady in a Lexus who threw her faggot butt out the window, Twilly wants to put her car up in flames, but he lets off (219). Although we are already on Twillys side, the fact that he can resist gives him more respect as a criminal. Once again, in the readers eyes, what makes him a hero is how Hiaasen develops the negative characterization of characters like Clapley, Gash and Stoat. In a very grotesque scene between Clapley and Stoat, Stoat explains, The important thing is, that nutty kid is finally out of the picture.And, oh yeah, Desie and Boodle are OK, too. Not that I give a shit (360). Immediately after this is said, Clapley finds himself gazing past Stoat, at a dancer performing in a close boothif only she was taller (360). As illustrated, Clapley and Stoat are both sick people and we want them to be punished and destroyed. We are pulling for Twilly to torture them and win. The novel takes shifts towards a focus on the greed of politics where nature is just a victim and Twilly is standing up for it. In another beautiful example of poetic justice, the epilogue is used as a framing device to bring the novel full circle.In one example, the novel begins with Stoat hunting a rhinoceros and ends with him being impaled by one (429). The ending of our other hated character, Robert Clapley, comes full circle as his most prized possessions, Katya and Tish, become, a trademark symbol this order to implicate but not expressly be limited to such oral and visual depictions as Goth Barbies, Undead Barbies, and Double-Jointed Vampire Barbies (445). This is a direct fact of what Clapley didnt want to happen and we find ourselves giggling about the fact.The sense of the novel as a political cartoon truly adds to our enjoyment as readers and magnificent justification of higher law and love for heroic criminals. In conclusion, both Abbey and Hiaasen create a new definition of criminal through manipulating our morals in their development of characters and justifying it with the sense of a higher law. Adventuresome environmentalists deface and destroy many things, yet we find ourselves as readers cheering for them to do so and get away with it. Ethically we should not side with these rebellious characters, but we truly are completely, 100% invested.

Working With Family Essay Example for Free

Working With Family Essaytraumatizing to the close family and friends and to a larger extent to the society. The close family members faces the worst blunt, they have to relief and care for the affected person and share in the pain and agonizing moments. This paper shall be looking at how a adult females front genus Cancer impacts on the normal functioning of a family, its impact on the family member and the need for support and counseling to both the woman and the family. Cancer refers to any malignant tumor that is as a result of an unusual and incontrollable dividing of the cells in the body. pinhead cancer too is as a result of a tumor developing in a persons converge. It starts as a lump in one breast ten further spreads to both breasts if non treated in time. There are three factors that can lead to a woman getting breast cancer, it can be genetical. A woman who comes from a family where there is prevalence in breast cancer, if for example her sisters, mother or au nts have had it, she has higher chances of developing cancer in later keep (Colerman, 2000, p. 43). Age too is another factor and women develop breast cancer as they grow older starting from the early forties.Diet has also been identify as another lead factor. Women who dont get enough exercises are at more risk as too those who have carbuncled habits like excessive smoking, drinking and consumption of high fat meals (James Fahner, 2007). My case study takes me to a small neighborhood in Maryland, U. S. A. here we will contact a lady named Georgina, a wife and a mother of two boys and a girl. She is in her late forties and still struggling with breast cancer. She was diagnosed with breast cancer at the age of thirty seven.This is the year that her life changed dramatically, it continues to change day in day out and has seen the removal of her left breast in a bid to arrest the spread of the disease. Amid tears, she says her condition was exacerbated by the fact that her lump was not detected early (Alberg A. J, 2000, p. 22). Early detection of breast cancer makes it easy to seek for easier and effective treatment. Statistics are in favor of early detection, modern technology can enable more than 90% of those diagnosed early to be cured (Family doctor. org 2005, p.117).Despite her being highly educated, she was very ignorant of the disease and was unconcerned with the lumps developing in her left breast. She only sought expert assistance when the cancerous growth had already spread too far. She has all along attributed the lumps in her breasts to having been emanating from hormonal changes and age. She is paying dearly for that. Cancer diagnosis or any diagnosis associated with terminal illness is a scary affair. Equally disturbing is the thought of how your loved ones will fill out with the sad news.Georginas husband is a mankind relations manger with a local bank she herself works with an advertising firm in the same locality. Her three kids have yet n ot at peace(p) beyond 10th grade and might be too young to understand her situation. She could not too understand how she came to be diagnosed with cancer at a young age of 33 despite the statistics predicting the occurrences to be more prevalent in post menopausal periods (Colditz GA et al, 1995, p. 52). The rest of the family lives in Europe where they persist to the family business.Although they have been there to help her cope with the trying moments, the distance apart has not helped much and she has to rely with her husband and close friends for physical and emotional support. How families cope with breast cancer cases is one of the most explored topics. Different people react in varied manner after learning that the close friend or partner has been diagnosed with breast cancer (Heiney et al, 2001, p. 134). Women with breast cancer should be cared for and comforted by their families as they go through the hallowing process in search of cure. enchantment it is important for f amily members and friends to be there for her and encourage her to think positively, intimate partners are shouldered with the duty to reassure the woman of their unconditional love and commitment (Invision, 2007). Breast cancer is physically, mentally and emotionally devastating to all those involved especially to the close family members. If not handled with care, it might lead to a feeling of dissatisfaction and even a major break up in a family, more so between the affected partners.

Determination of Adulterants in Honey Using HPLC Method

Determination of Adulterants in dearest Using HPLC MethodDetermination of adulterants such as hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in dearest victimisation HPLC method2. Materials and Methods2.1 MaterialsStandard of hydroxymethylfurfural was purchased from sigma Aldrich. All the samples and mensurations were diluted using distilled deionised urine.Methanol, sodium hydroxide,diphenyl-1-pikryl, ascorbic acid, 2,2- hydrochloric acid and acetic acid were of analytical reagent grade and purchased from Techno PharmChem, Avonchem and Alpha Chemika Ltd.Most glassware employ are stainless steel dish, porcelain crucible, beakers (5, 25, one hundred and 250 mL), pipettes (1, 10 and 50 mL), burette (10 and 25 mL), measuring cylinders (10, one C, 250 and 500 mL) and volumetric flasks (10, 100, 200, 1000 mL) were of grade A. All the glasswares were rinsed with distilled deionised water to remove surface contaminants prior to use.Oven, Incubator and furnace utilize were of make Gallenkamp, Memmert and respectivelyThe absorbance was recorded on a Perlong DNM-9602 Microplate Reader.2.2 Description of honey sample13 beloved samples of polar brands (Wescobee, Elodie, EL BREZAL, Hosen, Tropic, Lune de miel, Mc Mahons, ALSHIFA, Casino, Sunny, Gittos, Rodrigues Honey, and Natural Honey) were bought from Intermart Hypermarket, Jumbo Hypermarket and Monoprix Hypermarket.Brief details of different honey psychoanalysed, highlighting the manufacturing and expiry accompaniment, lot no, country of origin, and ingredients (if specified) are prone in table 5.Table 5 Description of honey samples experiment codeSample Brand/ NameDetailsSP1(a) Wescobee 100% Pure HoneyManufacturing age May 2014 breathing out date May 2017Lot no4107A agate line Australia fragment Pure honeySP9(b) Elodie Miel FruitManufacturing date NAExpiry date 28.08.15Lot no 4059IDOrigin France part NASP3(c) EL BREZAL Eucalyptus HoneyManufacturing date February 2014Expiry date February 2017Lot no 2247Origin SpainIngredien t 100% pure natural honeySP8(d) Hosen Pure HoneyManufacturing date 25.10.13Expiry date 24.10.15Lot no NAOrigin chinawareIngredient 100% honeySP6(e) Tropic Lychee HoneyManufacturing date September 2012Expiry date August 2014Lot no TP-002Origin IndiaIngredient Pure honeySP10(f) Lune de miel Miel de fleurManufacturing date NAExpiry date 01.05.16Lot noL28663AOrigin FranceIngredient 100% pure honeySP5(g) Mc Mahons Pure HoneyManufacturing date NAExpiry date March 2016Lot no B140813Origin AustraliaIngredient NASP7(h) ALSHIFA Natural HoneyManufacturing date November 2013Expiry date October 2018Lot no NAOrigin Saudi ArabiaIngredient 100% naturalSP4(i) Casino Miel de fleurManufacturing date NAExpiry date 10.03.16Lot no 206354Origin FranceIngredient NASP12(j) Sunny Pure HoneyManufacturing date NAExpiry date 24.01.16Lot no NAOrigin MauritiusIngredient HoneySP11(k) Gittos Special HoneyManufacturing date 27.06.14Expiry date 26.06.15Lot no NAOrigin MauritiusIngredient work over sugar syrup 85%, pure honey 15%SP2(l) Rodrigues HoneyManufacturing date NAExpiry date NALot no NAOrigin RodriguesIngredient NASP13(m) Natural HoneyManufacturing date NAExpiry date NALot no NAOrigin MauritiusIngredient NA2.3 Methods2.3.1 Sample preparation prior to physicochemical analysis2.3.1.1 MoistureMoisture was determined check to AOAC method (925.45D) (Appendix I). Stainless steel dish with 25g spinal column and a glass rod were dried in an oven for 1 hour, sereneed in a desiccator then weighed. 1g of homogenised honey sample was added and mixed thoroughly with the lynchpin by means of the rod. The latter was then enkindleed on steam bath for 15 min and dried in an oven for 2 hours at 60C, removed, allowed to cool in desiccator and weighed to a constant mass.2.3.1.2 AshAsh was determined according to AOAC method (920.181) (Appendix II) such that 5g of homogenized honey samples were added to pre-weighed empty porcelain. The samples were then allowed to wry on a water bath and heated on a hot plate until carbonized. The resulting carbonized samples were place in furnace at 600C for 6 hours, removed, allowed to cool in desiccator and weighed.2.3.1.3 pHpH was measured at 25C by preparing a 10% (w/v) solution (dry weight basis) in distilled deionised water by a Delta Ohm HD 8706 pH meter.2.3.1.4 Total AcidityFree acids, lactones, total acidity and pH were measured using a Mettler Toledo MP 220 pH meter according to the AOAC method 962.19 (Appendix III) as follows10g of honey samples were weighed in a 250 mL beaker and dissolved in 75 mL of CO2 free distilled deionised water (obtained by modify freshly boiled deionised water). The mixtures were stirred using magnetic stirrer and titrated against 0.05M sodium hydroxide at a rate of 5 mL/min until the pH reached 8.50. 10 mL of 0.05M sodium hydroxide was pipetted and back-titrated with 0.05M hydrochloric acid to pH 8.30. A blank titration was also performed using similar procedure. Acidity of honey samples were mensurable as follows2.3.1.6 Electrical conductivityThe electrical conductivity was determined based on a method derived from Apiservices from the ash content of the honey samples according to the equation2.3.2 Sample preparation for HMF determination prior to HPLC analysisAliquots of honey samples were prepared by weighing 1g of honey and were diluted to 10 ml with distilled water, sieveed on 0.45 mm filter and injected into an HPLC equipped with a UV detector. The HPLC column was an Agilent, C18, 5m, 125 x 4 mm. The HPLC conditions were the following isocratic mobile phase, 1% of acetic acid and methanol in the ratio (8020) flow rate, 0.25 ml/min injection volume, 2 l, temperature 30C. All the solvents were of HPLC grade. The chromatograms were monitored at 285 nm. All the samples were analysed in triplicates and after every 6 samples, a exemplification check was analysed. HMF was identified by analysing the peak in honey with a standard HMF, and by comparison of the spectra of the HMF sta ndard with that of one honey samples. The heart of HMF in the honey samples was determined using a calibration curve and by comparing the peak area of the standard and the resulting samples.All honey samples were stored at room temperature (2530C) in a tumesce closed container and the HMF content of each sample was analysed on a monthly basis throughout a period of four months.To determine HMF progress during heat treatment, honey samples were subjected to heat treatment by placing 1g honey sample in a glass container, and heat in a water bath at 40C, 60 C, 80C, and 100C for 5 min. The time was calculated when temperature reached the required degree. The honey samples were then cooled rapidly to room temperature (25C) and proceed as above to determine the HMF content.2.3.2.1 Calibration curve for HMF for HPLC analysisA 100 ppm stock solution of HMF standard was prepared by dissolving 0.0101 g of HMF standard in 100 mL of distilled deionised water in a 100 mL volumetric flask. From the 100 ppm stock solution, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, 40 ppm and 50 ppm standard solution were prepared separately in 10 mL volumetric flasks. The different volumes of the stock solutions which were diluted to 10 mL are given in Table 4. The resulting standards were analysed on a HPLC UV detector at 285 nm and a calibration curve was plotted.Table 6 Volume of 100 ppm stock to prepare different concentration of HMFConcentration/ppmVolume of 100 ppm stock used/mL101.00202.00303.00404.00505.00A 10 ppm spike sample of HMF was prepared by pipetting 200 L of 100 ppm stock solution of HMF standard and transferred to the 2 g sample of honey and diluted to 20 mL with distilled deionised water.2.3.2.2 Limit of detection and quantificationThe limit of detection and quantification of HMF was calculated according to EPA method SW-846 (Appendix V). LOD is defined to be the minimum level at which the analyte can be detected reliably with signal-to noise 31. Different standards of HMF was analysed videlicet 0.1, 0.05 and 0.04ppm such that detection limit of HMF was thus then established by analysing a 0.05ppm HMF standard solution seven times and the standard deviation of the repeats for the analyse was multiplied by a factor 3.14 based on student t-statistics. The limit of quantification with signal-to noise ratio 101 was calculated by multiplying the obtained standard deviation by 10.2.3.3 Anti-oxidative property using DPPH radical scavenging activity4.5mg of DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) was dissolved in 100 mL methanol and wrapped in aluminium peril to prevent light from entering. For the assay, a 96 wells Elisa plate was used. 100L of test sample was placed in the first well using micropipette. 50L methanol was added to all other wells and serial dilution was done. 50L of sample from the first well was pipette and transferred to the second well previously containing 50L methanol and the solution was mixed to ensure homogeneity. The 50L of the resulting solution was pipette and transferred to the third well and so on. Each well now contained 100L of solution after the dilution. 100L DPPH (4.5mg/100ml) solution was then added to every well. The solutions were incubated for 30 minutes at 37C in an incubator and the absorbances of the resulting solutions were read at 492nm on a Perlong DNM-9602 Microplate Reader. The % scavenging activity of the samples was calculated as followsAntioxidative property of the samples firstly with no modify of the honeys and secondly with a heating temperature of 100C for five minutes were performed and proceed similarly to that of control ascorbic acid.Note A yellowish change in colour indicates the presence of ascorbic acid activity.1311

Analysis of Bangladeshs Economy

Analysis of Bangladeshs Economya) UnemploymentAn economic condition marked by the fact that individuals actively seeking tricks remain unhired. Unemployment is expressed as a percentage of the total avail up to(p) work force. The take of unemployment varies with economic conditions and other circumstances.Unemployment is be as by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) as people who do non have a job, have actively looked for work in the medieval four weeks, and atomic number 18 currently available for work. Also, people who were temporarily laid off and ar waiting to be c tot onlyyed back to that job ar counted as un apply. People who ar job slight and have non looked for work within the past four weeks ar removed from the labor force by the BLS and are no yener counted as unemployed. Most people translate the labor force when they retire, go to school, have a disability that keeps them from working, or have family responsibilities. Others may feel they cant get work, a nd so stop looking. The BLS calls them discouraged workers. The BLS removes them from both the unemployment statistics and the labor force. However, they are sepa protectly reported in the Employment Report. Unemployment is an effectant statistic apply by the g everyplacenment to gauge the health of the parsimoniousness. If unemployment gets too high, the presidential term leave behind crusade to stimulate the economy and create jobs with expansionary monetary or fiscal insurance policy. It go away also create additional benefits to aid the unemployed until they can find jobs. The BLS measures unemployment finished calendar monthly ho wonthold surveys, called the Current Population Survey (CPS). It has been conducted every month since 1940, as part of the governments response to the Great Depression. It has been modified some(prenominal) times since then, and undergo a major redesign in 1994. This included a revamping of the questionnaire, the use of computer-assisted in ter sentimenting, and revisions to some of the labor force concepts. Nationally, unemployment is caused when the economy slows down, and businesses are forced to cut costs by reducing payroll expenses. Unemployment can also be caused by competition in particularized industries or companies. Advanced engineering, such as computers or robots, cause unemployment by replacing worker tasks with machines. The consequences of unemployment for the economy are less(prenominal) consumer spending, as workers have less money to spend until they find another job. If high national unemployment continues, it can deepen a recession or even out cause a depression. Thats because less consumer spending from unemployed workers reduces business revenue, which forces them to cut more payroll to reduce their costs.References1. http//www.investorwords.com/5838/unemployment.html2. http//useconomy. about(predicate).com/od/supply/f/unemploy_define.htmb) Two sectors of the economy growing faster then other s ectorsAgriculture is the single well-nigh important sector in Bangladeshs economy. Over 80% of the population (or 70% of the workforce) of Bangladesh is act in agriculture. The share of agriculture in GDP has fallen from around 57% in the 1970s to 19% in recent days. Nonetheless, agriculture is still one of the largest economic sectors in Bangladesh. The agriculture sector is also the source of m whatever of the small industrial sectors raw existents, such as jute, and accounts for 10% of Bangladeshs exports. In short, agriculture is the driving force behind economic growth in Bangladesh and, as a result, increasing food and agriculture labor have eternally been major concerns of Bangladeshi policy-makers.Bangladeshs major crops include rice, jute, tea, wheat, cane, oilseeds, potatoes, pulses, and spices. Rice is by far the largest, with an average 71% share of the gross output value of all crops. As a result, growth in the agricultural sector essentially mirrors the perform ance of rice occupation, although the share of livestock and fisheries has increased steadily in recent years to 22% of the value added in agriculture. Bangladeshs dependence on food imports and, in particular, food aid throughout the years has been a cause for concern. In 2006-07, agri-food imports in Bangladesh represented around $1.9 billion (8% of total imports) and were worth about 9% of total export earnings. inhering disasters (floods in particular) may cause supernormal increases in imports to the agribusiness sector. Government legislation for agricultural products alters with the agriculturals production and import requirements. For example, the government recently allowed the food import with no tariff at all since on that point is a significant shortage surrounded by demand and the level of local production.The Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) estimates the future requirement for food jots to be about 45 billion tones in 2030 (compared to 25 mill ion tones in 2000).Total Bangladesh/Canada agricultural trade was valued at over $265 million in 2007 (January November), and represented over 32% of total trade between the two countries. Top Canadian agricultural exports to Bangladesh were wheat, valued at $164 million and accounting for over 50% of all agri-food exports, and peas (dried), valued at $70 million or 22% of total agri-food exports. Bangladesh imports large quantities of wheat, as it is a staple of the Bangladeshi diet. Consistent demand in this commodity represents an excellent opportunity for Canadian wheat exporters to increase sales. India is Bangladeshs largest supplier of agri-food, supplying over 18% of Bangladeshs agri-food imports in 2003. Bangladeshs other large agri-food suppliers include Australia and Singapore. Natural disasters pose a constant threat for Bangladesh. The country is particularly vulnerable to sudden floods, cyclones and even droughts. Agriculture growth in 2008 is likely to mode point bec ause of the proficient flooding and devastating cyclone that occurred in 2007. The floods and cyclone caused extensive damages to the agriculture sector by affecting crops, livestock, poultry and aquaculture. Production losses due to flooding are estimated at 1.3 million tons, while the November cyclone was also grimly damaging. The effect of this years flooding and cyclone on agriculture sector could be substantial unless the losses are offset by a bumper boro crop.Vulnerability to natural disasters and a heavy reliance on annual rains for the main crop performance are the causes of severe fluctuations in food grain production and prices, as well as erratic GDP growth. Losses of both food and cash crops are usual occurrences which seriously disrupt the entire economy by precipitating unanticipated food import requirements. Bangladesh has an agriculture-dependent economy with a growing population and one of the worlds final land areas per capita. Not surprisingly, the most impor tant issue in Bangladesh agriculture is to enhance and sustain growth in crop production. The most pressing occupation is therefore the current state of stagnating yields and declining productivity in a range of food and non-food crops. Projections of food grain supply and demand are consistent in their conclusions that there is a widening food grain supply gap. With negligible scope for area expansion (as most of the arable lands of Bangladesh are already at a lower place cultivation) future growth will have to continue to rely on raising productivity per unit of land. For this reason, continuous efforts are being made towards evolution new improved seed varieties. It is also felt that the agricultural sector has by no specifys exploited its undecomposed potential for crop production and that there are several(a) opportunities for substantially increasing cropping intensities. Currently only 40 percent of the potential irrigated area is covered by red-brick varieties and, mo st importantly, there are wide gaps between the potential and the realized yields for all crops in the country.Market and Sector Challenges (Strengths and Weaknesses)The overriding objective of all agricultural policy and development since independence in Bangladesh has been to achieve self-sufficiency in food grains and, in particular, rice production. In reality, what has actually been sought is a substantial speedup in the growth rate of domestic food production and a decreased dependence on, or elimination of, food aid in the long term. The emphasis on accelerating food production in Bangladesh stems from the countrys excessive dependence on food imports, its precarious external account situation and its perceived comparative advantage in food production.Although Bangladesh continues to be a net importer of food, importing on average 1.5 million tones of rice annually, it has achieved substantial gains in food grain production during the last two decades. Demand for some agro- base products depends on various climatic factors. Bumper crops may see food imports drop however, the import of cotton, pulse crops and oilseeds are showing ongoing upward trends. Until the too soon 1990s, the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (a government-owned trading house) and the Ministry of Food were the main importers of agro-based commodities. Now, the private sector in Bangladesh has become the largest agro-food importer in Bangladesh. Since 2004-05, the country has achieved an average annual growth rate of around six per cent. Bangladeshi buyers are price-sensitive provided are also quality-conscious buyers. Canadian products are well sure in Bangladesh for their quality. Bangladesh agribusiness opportunities include exporting wheat, oilseeds and pulses. Yearly consumption of wheat in Bangladesh is about 4 million tones. Canadian Wheat.Canada Western Red springiness is already established in the market due to its price and quality. Major competitors for wheat are fro m India, Australia, the US and the EC.Local production of most of the oilseeds has either stagnated or declined in recent years due to climatic constraints and increased cultivation of alternative crops such as wheat and rice. The total yearly oilseed crush is approximately 650,000 tones including 250,000 tones of merchandise rapeseed/canola. Canadian oil seed exports to Bangladesh have significantly increased in recent years. Australia and France are Canadas main competitors.Consumption of pulses has been growing faster than local production and has resulted in an increasing amount of pulse crops imported into the country. Canada is the leading supplier of chickpeas to Bangladesh. Canadian yellow peas are gaining popularity in Bangladesh, competing with its nearest rival, the Australian dun peas. referable to the shortage in local production of agricultural commodities, there are no barriers or quotas affecting the import procedure for agro-commodity items in Bangladesh.The impor tation of any food item to Bangladesh requires a phytosanitary certificate from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) that includes a fumigation certificate. Under current Canadian constabulary fumigation of commodities cant be carried out in Canada. CFIA has already launched a bilateral negotiation with the Bangladesh authorities to solve this issue. In the meantime, authorities in Bangladesh have taken a special(prenominal) measure to physically inspect Canadian exported commodities in port and decide their entry after their examination based on the fact that it is free from pests, insects, larva and others. This is an slowdown measure which was taken until bilateral negotiation leads to a solution.A radiation certificate is also call for with all imports from the Canadian Grain Commission. Pre-shipment inspection through Interdev Testing is mandatory for any export to Bangladesh to certify all Clean Reporting Findings (CRF), except agri-commodities. Local agents/indenter s play an important role in the import of agro-commodity products. Both traders and industrial concerns import product through agents. Canadian companies are urged to have local agents handle import facilitation and customer liaison. There are a few(prenominal) reputable trading companies in Bangladesh for agro-commodities. In many cases, an agents value relates to their operating in specific areas of the country or their dealings with specific customers. Wheat and pulses are imported in bulk containers which are bagged and sold in 40-50 kilogram bags. There are strong government regulations in terms of international trade. merchandise is permitted only through irrevocable letter of credit and certain documentations are needed for doing business under this regulated environment. Large suppliers dominate the import of wheat and pulses as they import in bulk, in vessel. However, import in containers has been increasing in recent years, and consequently small and medium importers hav e flourished. Bangladesh is a debut member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in which it actively represents the interests of the least developed countries. Bangladesh is also a member of good standing in the southwest Asia Preferential Trade agreement (SAPTA).In addition, Bangladesh is a member of the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC), an organization that seeks to promote economic cooperation between Bangladesh, India, Burma (Myanmar), Sri Lanka, and Thailand. such agreements tend to facilitate and ease trade amongst these countries and represent connections with all of Bangladeshs largest trading partners.Sub-Sector IdentificationAgribusiness has achieved limited success in a few areas including poultry, shrimp, fruits, dairy products, vegetables, wheat and bakery products, medicinal plants, animal feed, flowers and orchids. Other commodities and products including rice, tea, sugar, jute and tobacco have been part of t he commercial system of production, but have not shown yet the required dynamism for agribusiness. The largest agricultural sub-sector, rice, is still dominated by a large number of farmers producing for household food security or producing for a small marketable surplus. Scope remains, however, to improve milling, packaging and distribution capacity. Potential for interventions can be at the following levels Commercialization of production through new products and commodities, such as high value crops, livestock, poultry and fisheriesDevelopment of forward linkages through improved services, packaging, processing, storage, transport, removal of marketing constraints and opening up of new markets and Backward linkages through the prep of inputs (seeds, fertilisers, animal feed and agriculture machinery)* Potential Areas for Exploring Business Opportunity* Processing of Potato flakes, pulses and spices* Post harvest storage, processing and packaging of fruits and vegetables and* Pr oduction of organic fertilizer and mixed fertilizer.Reference3. http//www.ats-sea.agr.gc.ca/asi/4578-eng.htmTASK-2a) Full employmentThe first-class honours degree translation of ample employment would be the situation where everyone willing to work at the going net rate is able to get a job.This would imply that unemployment is zero because if you are not willing to work then you should not be counted as unemployed. To be classified as unemployed you would need to be actively seeking work. This does not mean everyone of working age is in employment. Some adults may leave the labor force, for example, women looking after children.Optimal Unemployment LevelAnother definition of luxuriant employment would be the optimal level of unemployment. In practice, an economy will never have zero unemployment because there is inevitably some frictional unemployment. This is the unemployment where people take time to find the best job for them. Frictional unemployment is not necessarily a b ad thing. It is better people take time to find a job suitable for their skill level, rather than get the first job that comes along.Full Employment and Full CapacityAnother way to think of full employment is when the economy is operating at an Output level considered to be at full capacity. I.e. it is not possible to increase real output because all resources are full utilized. This would be a question on a Production possibility frontier. It can also be shown by AD/AS diagram.Diagram of Full EmploymentIn this diagram full employment would be at an output of Y2. Here any increase in AD only causes inflation. In practice it is difficult to know scarcely what counts as full employment. Practical reasons make it difficult for every firm to operate at 100% capacity. Optimal capacity may considered to be 85%Full Employment and NAIRUAnother related measure of full employment is the level of unemployment when the economy is at the NAIRU rate of inflation. This is the level of unemployme nt with a non accelerating rate of inflation. This equates to the Monetarist view of the Phillips curve. However, the NAIRU could be quite high due to supply side factors such as frictional and structural unemployment.Reference4. http//www.economicshelp.org/blog/unemployment/definition-of-full-employment/b)Three different ways in full employment occur and disadvantagesIn macroeconomics, full employment is a condition of the national economy, where all or nearly all persons willing and able to work at the prevailing wages and working conditions are able to do so. It is define either as 0% unemployment, literally, no unemployment (the rate of unemployment is the cipher of the work force unable to find work), as by mob Tobin, or as the level of employment rates when there is no cyclic unemployment.3 It is defined by the majority of mainstream economists as being an acceptable level of natural unemployment preceding(prenominal) 0%, the discrepancy from 0% being due to non- cyclic t ypes of unemployment. Unemployment above 0% is advocated as necessary to control inflation, which has brought about the concept of the Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment (NAIRU) the majority of mainstream economists mean NAIRU when speaking of full employment.What most neo upright economists mean by full employment is a rate somewhat less than 100% employment, considering slightly lower levels desirable, others, such as James Tobin, vehemently disagree, considering full employment as 0% unemployment. As a young professor I did a paper where I analyzed the optimal unemployment rate, said Joseph Stiglitz, a professor at Columbia University in New York, who knew Tobin at Yale. Tobin went livid over the idea. To him the optimal unemployment rate was zero. The Conservative belief that there is some law of nature which prevents men from being employed, that it is rash to employ men, and that it is financially sound to maintain a tenth of the population in idleness for an inde finite period, is deadly improbable the sort of thing which no man could believe who had not had his head fuddled with nonsense for years and years. The objections which are raised are broadly not the objections of experience or of practical men. They are based on highly abstract theories venerable, academic inventions, half misunderstood by those who are applying them today, and based on assumptions which are contrary to the factsOur main task, therefore, will be to confirm the readers instinct that what seems sensible is sensible, and what seems nonsense is nonsense.20th century British economist William Beverage stated that an unemployment rate of 3% was full employment. Other economists have provided estimates between 2% and 13%, depending on the country, time period, and the various economists semipolitical biases. Before Friedman and Phelps, Abba Lerner (Lerner 1951, Chapter 15) developed a version of the NAIRU. Unlike the current view, he saw a range of full employment u nemployment rates. He distinguished between high full employment (the lowest sustainable unemployment under incomes policies) and low full employment (the lowest sustainable unemployment rate without these policies).Ideal unemploymentAn alternative, more normative, definition (used by some labor economists) would see full employment as the attainment of the ideal unemployment rate, where the types of unemployment that reflect labor-market inefficiency (such as structural unemployment) do not exist. merely some frictional unemployment would exist, where workers are temporarily searching for new jobs. For example, Lord William Beveridge defined full employment as where the number of unemployed workers equaled the number of job vacancies available. He preferred that the economy be unbroken above that full employment level in order to allow maximum economic production. pine run aggregate supplyThe concept of full employment has so far been used in conjunction with the long run aggrega te supply (LRAS) curve, where long run potential output is also the full employment level of output. Full employment does not mean that there is zero unemployment, but rather that all of the people willing and able to work have jobs at the current wage rate. Full employment is the quantity of labor employed when the labor market is in equilibrium.NAIRUThe following should be understood in discussions of NAIRU Governments that follow it are attempting to keep unemployment at certain levels (usually over four percent, and as high as ten or more percent) by keeping interest rates high. As interest rates increase, more bankruptcies of individuals and businesses occur, meaning less money to hire staff or purchase goods (the making and distributing of which requires workers, which means jobs). It efficiency also be noted that the main cause of inflation is not high employment, but rather the ability of banks to make money with little to no backing with things of value (commodities such a s gold and silver are some examples), thus flooding the market with money and decreasing the value of each dollar already issued in the process, assuming the economy has not kept up to this increase in issued loans. Economists such as Milton Friedman and Dr. Ravi Batra have theorized ways that a modern economy could have low inflation and near full employment (as in close to 100% of those who are not students and are healthy enough to work, and who wish to work at any given point in time), as of yet these have yet to be widely disseminated through the press or introduced by most governments. Paul Martin former finance minister and past Prime Minister of Canada once held that full employment could be achieved, yet let go of this idea after gaining power. For more on this see the expose Shooting the Hippo by Linda McQuaig, author and former columnist for many of Canadas top newspapers.Friedmans view has prevailed so that in much of modern macroeconomics, full employment means the lo west level of unemployment that can be sustained given the structure of the economy. Using the terminology first introduced by James Tobin (following the lead of Franco Modigliani), this equals the Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment (NAIRU) when the real gross domestic product equals potential output. This concept is identical to the natural rate but reflects the fact that there is nothing natural about an economy.At this level of unemployment, there is no unemployment above the level of the NAIRU. That is, at full employment there is no cyclical or deficient-demand unemployment. If the unemployment rate stays below this natural or inflation threshold level for several years, it is posited that inflation will accelerate, i.e. get worsened and worse (in the absence of wage and price controls). Similarly, inflation will get better (decelerate) if unemployment rates exceed the NAIRU for a long time. The theory says that inflation does not prink or fall when the unemployme nt equals the natural rate. This is where the term NAIRU is derived.The level of the NAIRU thus depends on the degree of supply side unemployment, i.e., joblessness that cant be abolished by high demand. This includes frictional, structural, and classical unemployment.Phillips curveIdeas associated with the Phillips curve questioned the possibility and value of full employment in a society this theory suggests that full employmentespecially as defined normativelywill be associated with positive inflation. The Phillips curve tells us also that there is no single unemployment number that one can single out as the full employment rate. Instead, there is a trade-off between unemployment and inflation a government might choose to attain a lower unemployment rate but would pay for it with higher inflation rates. In 1968, Milton Friedman, leader of the monetarist school of economics, and Edmund Phelps posited a unique full employment rate of unemployment, what they called the natural rate of unemployment. entirely this is seen not as a normative choice as much as something we are stuck with, even if it is unknown. Rather than trying to attain full employment, Friedman argues that policy-makers should try to keep prices stable (a low or even a zero inflation rate). If this policy is sustained, he suggests that the economy will gravitate to the natural rate of unemployment automatically.Structural unemploymentSome Economists estimate a range of possible unemployment rates. For example, in 1999, in the United States, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) gives an estimate of the full-employment unemployment rate of 4 to 6.4%. This is the estimated structural unemployment rate, (the unemployment when there is full employment), plus minus, the standard error of the estimate. (Estimates for other countries are also available from the OECD.)Full employabilityFull employability indicates an attempt by government to make people employable by both positive means (e.g. training courses) and negative means (e.g. cuts in benefits). It does not necessarily create full employment.References5. The OECD on measuring the NAIRUDevine, James. 2004. The Natural Rate of Unemployment. In Edward Fallbrook, ed., A Guide to Whats Wrong with Economics, London, UK Anthem Press, 126-32.6. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_employment sphericalization has various aspects which affect the world in several different ways such asIndustrial emergence of worldwide production markets and broader access to a range of foreign products for consumers and companies. Particularly movement of material and goods between and within national boundaries. International trade in manufactured goods increased more than 100 times (from $95 billion to $12 trillion) in the 50 years since 1955. Chinas trade with Africa rose sevenfold during 2000-07 alone.Financial emergence of worldwide financial markets and better access to external financing for borrowers. By the ear ly part of the 21st century more than $1.5 trillion in national currencies were traded daily to support the expanded levels of trade and investment.39 As these worldwide structures grew more quickly than any transnational regulatory regime, the instability of the global financial infrastructure dramatically increased, as evidenced by the Financial crisis of 20072010.Economic realization of a global common market, based on the freedom of exchange of goods and capital.44 The interconnectedness of these markets, however, meant that an economic collapse in any one given country could not be contained. Almost all notable worldwide IT companies are now present in India. Four Indians were among the worlds top 10 richest in 2008, worth a combined $160 billion. In 2007, China had 415,000 millionaires and India 123,000.Health Policy On the global scale, health becomes a commodity. In developing nations under the demands of Structural enrollment Programs, health systems are fragmented and privatized. Global health policy makers have shifted during the 1990s from United Nations players to financial institutions. The result of this power transition is an increase in privatization in the health sector. This privatization fragments health policy by crowding it with many players with many private interests. These fragmented policy players emphasize partnerships, specific interventions to combat specific problems (as opposed to comprehensive health strategies). Influenced by global trade and global economy, health policy is directed by technological advances and innovative medical trade. Global priorities, in this situation, are sometimes at odds with national priorities where increased health infrastructure and basic primary care are of more value to the public than privatized care for the wealthy.Political some use globalization to mean the creation of a world government which regulates the relationships among governments and guarantees the rights arising from social an d economic globalization.49 Politically, the United States has loveed a position of power among the world powers, in part because of its strong and wealthy economy. With the influence of globalization and with the help of The United States own economy, the Peoples Republic of China has experienced some tremendous growth within the past decade. If China continues to grow at the rate projected by the trends, then it is very likely that in the next twenty years, there will be a major reallocation of power among the world leaders. China will have enough wealth, industry, and technology to rival the United States for the position of leading world power.Informational increase in information flows between geographically remote locations. Arguably this is a technological change with the advent of fibre optic communications, satellites, and increased availability of telephone and profit.Language the most popular language is Mandarin (845 million speakers) followed by Spanish (329 million s peakers) and English (328 million speakers).* About 35% of the worlds mail, telexes, and cables are in English.* Approximately 40% of the worlds radio programs are in English.* About 50% of all Internet traffic uses English.Competition Survival in the new global business market calls for improved productivity and increased competition. Due to the market becoming worldwide, companies in various industries have to upgrade their products and use technology skillfully in order to face increased competition.Ecological the advent of global environmental challenges that might be solved with international cooperation, such as climate change, cross-boundary water and air pollution, over-fishing of the ocean, and the spread of invasive species. Since many factories are built in developing countries with less environmental regulation, globalize and free trade may increase pollution. On the other hand, economic development historically required a nettlesome industrial stage, and it is argued that developing countries should not, via regulation, be prohibited from increasing their standard of living. The construction of continental hotels is a major consequence of globalization process in standoff with tourism and travel industry, Dariush Grand Hotel, Kish, IranCultural growth of cross-cultural contacts advent of new categories of consciousness and identities which embodies cultural diffusion, the desire to increase ones standard of living and enjoy foreign products and ideas, adopt new technology and practices, and participate in a world culture. Some bemoan the resulting consumerism and loss of languages. Also see Transformation of culture.* diffusion of multiculturalism, and better individual access to cultural diversity (e.g. through the export of Hollywood and, to a lesser extent, Hollywood movies). Some consider such imported culture a danger, since it may supplant the local culture, causing reduction in diversity or even assimilation. Others consider multicult uralism to promote peace and taste between people. A third position gaining popularity is the notion that multiculturalism to a new form of monoculture in which no distinctions exist and everyone just shift between various lifestyles in terms

Reviewing the American Constitution

Reviewing the Ameri dope ConstitutionIgnacio J. BlancoEminent DomainThe development and freedom of a society and its individuals depend to a spectacular extent on the content and protection of prop rights. In practically all the legal systems the indemnification to the individuals is consecrated in the event that the State deprives them of their holding through an act of expropriation. Being one of the first to recognize such a guarantee, the fifth part Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibits the State from expropriating property for globe use, with fall out defrayal of fair compensation to its owner. The application of such compulsion is relatively easy to enforce when the political relation formally exercises deprivation of property to a private individual, especially when dealing with real estate. The question in this matter is when should a particular sector of the population bear the cost of a regulation whose benefits are taken advantage by society as a w hole? In outlining the concept of uplifted domain regulation, a convenient point of departure turns out to be the examination of the next argument the right of the State to exercise eminent domain. When the presidential term needs a certain private property for public use, it should clearly state its intention assessing the specific property, and then paying the former owner a fair compensation. Usually, the main issue in the governments use of eminent domain is what constitutes fair compensation.Eminent domain is defined as the power that the government has to expropriate a private land for public use (U.S Fifth Amendment). This power is limited by the Federal Constitution as well as State Constitutions when the government takes a private property for common use, it mustiness properly indemnify the owner for the alienation (U.S. Fifth Amendment). Sometimes the exercise of eminent domain consists of a simple process, in which the government grants the owner a fair price and this will result in the appropriation of the property for common use. On other occasions, the government and the owner may disagree as to whether an expropriation needs to occur and what the amount of compensation should be. In these types of cases a legal procedure will be necessary to certify the legitimacy of the expropriation and establish a fair price for the property.The Fifth Amendment expropriation clause protects the owner and assures that he or she will put one across appropriate compensation. This clause has three significant instalments the first component states that eminent domain should only be applied to private property. Due to this fact, if the government decides to modify the purpose of some public land, for example, to build an office make or a homeless shelter in what used to be a public park, this action will non require government to correct citizens who used the park. The second requirement is that the land should only be expropriated for common use. This lim itation prevents government officials from taking private property for personal use. In this case, this requirement will protect citizens from government officials that might try to get any personal gains from taking private property. Lastly, The Fifth Amendment requires fair compensation. Usually, fair compensation is determine by the market value of the property, in other words. the price at which the owner could piss expected to sell the property. It is important to know that the value of the property should be set considering many factors. These factors include the size of the land and the buildings, the location of the property, the access to utilities and public services, resources present on the property, etc. When a permanent expropriation is closely to take place, the courts will use different methods to determine market value. However, if the government needs the property for a limited time, the calculation of value will be more complicated.In cases of eminent domain, t he government states that it needs certain private property to create a public benefit, such as the construction of a new stadium or public park. The government can offer the owner a price that is acceptable to the individual or the individual can initiate an expropriation procedure. This procedure is similar to a lawsuit and it is started by the owner of the property when they do not reach agreement. The owner of the property has the right to be notified of the decision of the government and can submit a reply. As one can see, the Fifth Amendment offers protection to the owner and guarantees that he or she will receive a fair compensation for the expropriation.In some non-usual cases the government will deny the claim that they wear taken property from the owner. Therefore, the owner would have to initiate an action, denominated procedure of compensation by expropriation, to demand compensation from the government. This situation might occur in various ways. For example, the gove rnment may adopt behavior that destroys the owners exponent to use and enjoy his or her land, such as building a rail road along the owners property. As one can see, this action does not involve an expropriation, but will certainly reduce the value of the property, forcing the owner to file a lawsuit to obtain compensation.The necessity to determine the time at which the expropriation occurred is important in the matter of eminent domain. An argument may arise when the government presents a plan that affects the property of a citizen. In other words, when the government makes a public announcement about the possibility of starting a new infrastructure project this could potentially impact the value of private property. Furthermore, the owner might think that this plan will already constitute an indirect expropriation, which will could cause stress and uncertainty about the future. Even though the government can claim that they have not taken away any property at this point, its act ions have already affected the value for future transactions, create undesired consequences. The concept of eminent domain gives the government power to act on behalf of public interest. Unfortunately, in many cases, the government violates property rights without offering a fair compensation. The legal issues involved in these matters are complex and the courts have not been entirely coherent in their approach.In conclusion, more than two centuries have passed since the proclamation of the American Constitution. However, the constitutional normative body continues to expand its application and renew its validity. The decisions dictated by the courts, offer a variety of interpretations, not ever so uniform but with an undeniably value. This academic paper offers a summary on how jurisprudence has constructed the concept of eminent domain regulation. According to the government these regulations have no other purpose than to protect citizens from its own government, while trying to draw clear boundaries to delineate its application. The concept of eminent domain goes beyond a simple theoretical construction, it is a true legal institution that articulates basic concepts of private law such as property and economic freedom, in accompaniment to foundational principles of public law like the common good.

Comparing Huck Finn and Colden Haufield in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain :: essays research papers

Throughout The Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn by Mark Twain and Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, huckaback and Holden go by a series of events from which they are able to learn and grow from. They are able to develop opinions that they did not hold at the beginning of the novels but that they guard formed from their travels, and both Huck and Holden are changed by the end of each novel. Although both Huck and Holdens growth is addressed in the endings, both novels bankrupt to provide a definite hereafter for them. During their journeys, the reader wonders what is going to happen to Huck and Holden once this series of adventures is over and what their outlooks are. The reader is left uncertain of their future when different paths are presented from which the characters have to choose.In Huck Finn and Catcher in the Rye, the authors bring the main characters back to where they begun which bring forths their growth from their journeys more evident. At the end of Huck Fi nn, Aunt Sally is planning to sivilize Huck, but Huck has already been sivilized once and from his journey down the Mississippi he has viewed the ways of society and has rejected them. At the beginning of the novel, Huck holds conflicting beliefs and is not sure whether he should follow society and its rules. By the end, he has decided from his travels that he has to form his own opinions and make his own decisions because society is not all that many believe it to be. In Catcher in the Rye, Holden holds a cynical view of society and the people in it, but in the end, Holden acknowledges his cynical view by revealing that he is under the care of a psychoanalyst and then says, Dont eer tell anybody anything. If you do, you start missing everybody (Catcher 214). Holden has begun to accept the people in society that he criticized throughout the novel and accepted the fact that he cannot protect children from get in the adult world. This shows that from the various incidents in his tra vels through New York, he has grown and begun to develop a new view on society. While the changes made by Holden and Huck are apparent in the conclusion of their stories, their futures are left uncertain. At the end of Huck Finn, Aunt Sally plans to sivilize Huck while Huck plans to head west.

Cyber-Communism: The New Threat in the New Millennium :: social issues

Cyber-Communism The New Threat in the New MillenniumMy expedition into cyber- fabianism began when I read Brock Meeks Hackers Stumble Toward Legitimacy1. The article addressed a recent hackers congregation. Interestingly, the keynote speaker was Eric Boucher2 (alias Jello Biafra3), a rock star with no proficient background. Numerous questions ensue. Who is Eric Boucher (alias Jello Biafra)? What does he believe? More importantly, why schedule someone with no technical background to speak at a hackers convention? Addressing his beliefs, his proposed Green Party platform4 is not inconsistent with the Manifesto of Libertarian Communism5. This answer produces a more troubling question. Was his speech against corporate America mere collectivistic babbling or was his speech part of something more sinister, a subversive cyber- communist movement? I am not the outgrowth to see possible communist subversion of the digerati6. Corey Winesetts Are Linux Users Really Communists?7 questions th e nature of the relationship, if any, between open source and communism. Scott Billings Heresy and Communism8 ponders that the Linux communitys knee-jerk reaction to negative opinions about Linux could be the result of macrocosm under the communists spell. Before I can evaluate cyber-communisms merits, I must define communisms true nature and communisms real threat to America. Communism Revisited Theoretical communism and practical communism have long been held as different political sociologies. Despite Marxs call for the working class to revolt, the communist revolutions leaders always muster up from the intelligentsia. John Stormers None Dare Call It Treason supports this fact saying Fidel Castro was a product, not of the cane fields of Cuba, but of the halls of Havana University. Joseph Stalin was not a simple peasant rebelling at the oppression of the Czar. He became a communist while studying for the priesthood in a Russian Orthodox seminary. The membership of the first Comm unist spy ring uncovered in the U.S. Government was not spawned in the sweat shops of New Yorks lower east side or the renter farms of the South. The conspirators came to high governing body posts from Harvard Law School. Communisms fallacy is the belief in everyones benevolence yet, human nature proves otherwise. Communism cannot create a perfect society with liberal people. Hence, to direct Utopia, communism produces a totalitarian government over the less-perfect people, ruled by the perfect people - communists. Thus, communisms true nature creates a controlling government in the name of a better world. Not every supporter needs be a knowing conspirator.